Nuke and DaVinci Resolve are the industry standards for compositing. Node based editing graphs are often called “non-destructive” or “procedural”. It’s basically pure functions in a programming sense.

Blender geometry nodes take this approach for modeling. The rest of blender is destructive in that any operation permanently changes the state.

https://www.foundry.com/products/nuke-family/nuke

https://www.blackmagicdesign.com/products/davinciresolve