Hacker News new | past | comments | ask | show | jobs | submit login
Used car market gets even more bizarre (axios.com)
189 points by cwwc on Nov 10, 2021 | hide | past | favorite | 335 comments



My car died, needing a new engine, so I was forced to get one in October. I usually only buy used, but prices are so inflated it didn't seem worth the premium. Used 2017-2020 Toyota Rav4's with 30-60k miles were the same price as a new 2021 model, if you could get one.

I knew it was bad, but I was shocked of how bad it was. I went to multiple mega dealerships with 500-1000 cars that were all spoken for. Most had 0 new cars available.


I was in the same boat.

I usually avoid buying new but used cars are nearly the same price as new (if you can find a dealer that hasn't done ridiculous 'market adjustments').

So we bought new. We had to buy a car that was just off the delivery truck before the dealership had it inspected. The one we'd looked at two days before was long gone and they expected the one we bought to be sold the next day.

My neighbor traded in his truck for more than he paid for it two years ago. It's bonkers.

Mechanics are about to make a killing.


The narrative earlier in the pandemic was that the reduction in driving was brutal for mechanics as it meant a reduction in need for auto maintenance and repair. Fewer of us are staying at home these days, but it looks like we're still not quite back to pre-pandemic levels of driving[0].

I'd imagine it's probably a bit of a mixed bag for mechanics, depending on what sort of vehicles they specialize in, where they're located, etc.

0: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M12MTVUSM227NFWA


Might be anecdotal but on top of that, I've noticed that many car owners who previously only had services performed by a shop began doing their own maintenance. A friend who works as a service manager at CarMax had similar observations in conversations with some customers, including one DIY-er who forgot to torque their oil drain bolt correctly, lost the oil, and is now the recipient of a refurbished engine.

I had only done light maintenance/upgrade work on my cars prior to the pandemic. In the last year I've replaced a rear main seal, front + rear rotors + pads on all my cars, new control arms, shocks, and struts on a sedan, a ton of electrical work, cold air upgrades, every single fluid drained and filled, etc. DIY content on YouTube is getting to the point where a middle schooler can fab a car from scratch given enough time and motivation. YMMV (literally).


> one DIY-er who forgot to torque their oil drain bolt correctly, lost the oil, and is now the recipient of a refurbished engine.

Shops make sure this doesn't happen by lazily hitting that bolt with an impact gun. Might never come off again.


We had our oil changed recently and the shop forgot to put the cap back on from the fill port (Subaru). Figured that out after 15 miles and the smell of burning oil. Engine bay was covered.

It's always something!


Did a similar thing where I didn’t put the oil cap gasket back on right.

Was fine until oil pressure built up and the sprayed all over the engine bay.

Probably dirtier than yours. Originally thought “must be a plastic fire somewhere”. Oops.


Jumping from only light maintenance to changing a rear main seal is quite the leap!


No better feeling though! Especially when running the numbers post-fix (insert CS joke here) and comparing to shop quotes. I keep spreadsheets for two cars and an older jet ski and I've saved ~$12k this year alone by wrenching solo assuming $100/hr = standard labor rate. I've learned a TON of cross-functional skills, have full control over the parts and repair, and it's just a feel-good way to step away from my desk when things slow down at work.

I remind myself of the the 5-digit savings whenever I'm in line at Harbor Freight... which is often.


That $12K is tax-free as well. You’d likely have to earn ~$20K to pay $8K in taxes to be left with the same $12K net.


You're absolutely right, I hadn't thought of that. Very interesting (and affirming) way of looking at those savings.


Can confirm. I did brakes and rotors on all four wheels on my 4WD 2012 Tundra a while back. Went smoothly and I knew that all bolts were properly torqued when I was done.


You'll probably be less time efficient than a full-time mechanic though.


By a large margin, definitely. I was hesitant to attempt repairs on my daily before I picked up car #2 because it was my only mode of transportation. Being able to switch between the two now gives me a much wider time margin for potential errors and my feelings about DIY repairs have gone from "keeping this car alive is going to bankrupt me" to "this is a fun hobby."

When confidence in repairability is low and stakes are high, it probably makes sense to opt for a shop.


I'm sorry, but this is an unnecessary and negative comment. I don't know why you made it.

Of course a professional will accomplish tasks faster than a DIY'er checking YouTube.

But, as OP says, there's savings AND personal satisfaction involved. Why is time-efficiency the metric you're weighting in value?


It has nothing to do with negativity. Maybe OP is accounting for an efficiency loss rate, but they didn't mention it, so I brought it up. What good are inaccurate calculations?


It matters if OP is multiplying the hours they spent times $100 rather than the time the mechanic would quote (usually from a flat rate manual) times $100/hr.

If a pro mechanic would charge me $100/hr times the book time of 1.3 hours to change pads on my car and I take 3 hours to do it, I saved $130, not $300.

For simple jobs, I can usually match or slightly beat the book rate. Because I don’t have a lift, a lot of undercar work takes me loads longer.


You're quite right about how good it feels to do such work yourself.


I've never gone as far as replacing suspension parts, mainly because the bolts tend to be very difficult to remove. Even brake rotors are hard to remove in some cases. The last time I changed the rotors, I had to use a sledgehammer and "lightly" tap on the rotor to get it to come off the hub.

As for fluids, I've done oil and automatic transmission changes. I haven't tried brake fluid or coolant though.


> The last time I changed the rotors, I had to use a sledgehammer and "lightly" tap on the rotor to get it to come off the hub.

I used a 2"x4" wooden beam. Felt a lot safer.


Those suspension bolts are no joke. The control arm bolts on my sedan took 25 minutes of the 'blow torch --> upside down canned air' cycle get them to budge with a breaker bar. And the first drive to the alignment shop is enough to induce cold sweats on occasion.

Coolant is typically pretty easy and the intervals are longer, although I end up sticky with glycol every time I do a flush. If you ever decide to tackle the brakes, I picked up a $10 vacuum hand pump on Amazon that saved me from jury-rigging a 2liter bleeder bottle and finding someone to pump the brakes for me. Highly recommend.


"YMMV (literally)." ha, that's for a good laugh at the end


Sounds like it's a problem that may solve itself.


Congratulations


I think GP meant that it's going to be a boon because repairing your car instead of replacing it is becoming a better deal every day.


> My neighbor traded in his truck for more than he paid for it two years ago.

Sold my 2018 Toyota Tacoma pickup to Carmax for over $32K. I probably paid more than that a few years ago when I bought it new, but I thought it would have depreciated much more than that.

It's nice on the selling end.


>Mechanics are about to make a killing.

If you're a mechanic and already have plenty of business, I imagine it's a tough call: do you jack up your hourly rates and take advantage of the windfall, at the risk of customer loyalty in the future? This insanity will pass, after all.


A friend owns a high line/niche used car dealership and his service shop, who has a legendary mechanic, has not increased rates at all but just got more selective about the service work they are doing. Also, effectively no new service customers as they are booked solid for months.


So basically they are taking their increased compensation not in the form of more money from customers, but by improving their working conditions.

It's very interesting, because this situation mirrors what economists predict about minimum wages:

Employees take their compensation as a mixed basket of wages and non-monetary perks (like nicer working conditions or opportunities for learning and advancement). Different people like different baskets. Minimum wage laws make some of these baskets illegal.

So orthodox economics predicts that increases in minimum wage leads, amongst other things, to deteriorating working conditions.

Now the situation here is reversed: there's effectively a wage ceiling when service shops are unwilling to raise prices. But they can still raise compensation, by improving working conditions.

Something similar-ish happens with very high marginal tax rates: eg the US used to have crazy high marginal tax rates after WW2 that essentially amounted to salary caps. Cue companies finding all kinds of fringe benefits that were taxed less, like health insurance.


> So orthodox economics predicts that increases in minimum wage leads, amongst other things, to deteriorating working conditions.

I've never heard that take before, but it's a fascinating idea.

Unfortunately, I think the problem we've run into in the U.S. is that minimum wage jobs have already hit rock bottom working conditions. Raising the minimum wage is the only thing left to improve conditions for those stuck in them.


> Unfortunately, I think the problem we've run into in the U.S. is that minimum wage jobs have already hit rock bottom working conditions.

Have you seen working conditions in poorer parts of world, or in previous decades when the US was comparatively poorer?

What makes you think 2021 US is 'rock bottom'?

> Raising the minimum wage is the only thing left to improve conditions for those stuck in them.

Well, here again orthodox economics suggest other avenues: decrease taxation on labour, support increased competition between employers for labour (eg by allowing easier access by foreign companies, by making formation of capital easier, etc).

A really big deal in the US would be to 'decriminalize' construction of new housing. That by itself would open up oodles of blue collar job opportunities to compete with existing employers, and it would also decrease what everyone (including workers) has to pay afford a place to stay.


If you're subscribing to orthodox economics then in that case raising minimum wage would result in job losses.

What I think would actually happen is (perhaps some job losses, but) more jobs being pushed underground and laws skirted.

I'm not against minimum wages or increasing it as such, but if the lowest paid workers are in such dire conditions, the fundamental problem seems to be that they have insufficient bargaining power. A huge issue has to be illegal immigrant population that largely competes for low wage positions -- I've heard it's estimated about 15 million but could be as high as double that. Absolutely staggering numbers in either case and being concentrated in the supply of low skill labor it hits the most disadvantaged Americans including minorities hardest unfortunately. I know it's verboten to speak about now, but even champions of labor and the disadvantaged such as Sanders talked about the problem before Trump sent everyone off the rails (and/or the corporatists completed their capture of the left-wing side of politics).


> If you're subscribing to orthodox economics then in that case raising minimum wage would result in job losses.

No, that's just one outcome. I already described another outcome higher up the comment tree: reduction in non-wage benefits.

In practice, you would probably see some combination of outcomes.

> A huge issue has to be illegal immigrant population that largely competes for low wage positions -- I've heard it's estimated about 15 million but could be as high as double that.

The demand curve for labour seems to be nearly horizontal, ie in the longer run more or less labour supplied (almost) doesn't change its price.

> [...] but even champions of labor and the disadvantaged such as Sanders talked about the problem [...]

Are you suggesting that those people who are desperate enough to become nearly right-less illegal immigrants do not count as labour or as disadvantaged?

(I can very well believe that Sanders doesn't care about them, of course.)


> No, that's just one outcome. I already described another outcome higher up the comment tree: reduction in non-wage benefits.

I was not replying to you. I asked the posted who claimed that benefits had already hit a floor. I was responding to his supposition.

> Are you suggesting that those people who are desperate enough to become nearly right-less illegal immigrants do not count as labour or as disadvantaged?

No I'm not suggesting that. Seems pretty accusatory and not really in good faith, unless you can explain how on earth I might have been reasonably misinterpreted as suggesting it.

You can advocate for and advance your own interests or the interests of your voters and constituents first without being subject to these stupid witch hunts. Everybody does it, even you. I don't go around accusing you of not caring about poor people or refugees because you have failed to sell all your belongings and donate your wealth to the less fortunate as well as your income except that which you need to barely keep yourself alive.

We are talking about wages in the USA, and massive downward pressure on low skilled labor comes from illegal immigrant workers. If you can't cope with this or debate it rationally then that's your problem not mine.


> We are talking about wages in the USA, and massive downward pressure on low skilled labor comes from illegal immigrant workers.

Only, that's not true.


I took "being selective" to mean focusing on the most profitable jobs.


In this case, it is a blend of more profitable, less challenging jobs such as brakes and LOF, as well as interesting cases requiring the lead mechanic's renowned diagnostic skills. I have often thought this mechanic should maintain a blog about some of the crazy and perplexing issues he has solved but, he just has no interest in writing them up. Besides, I am not sure he could write them up as some of the leaps in logic he makes are closer to magic than any sort of process.

Also, they have used this era to weed out the pain-in-the-ass customers.


I noticed a similar dynamic with general contractors / handymen a few years ago.

There was a multi-year period where the demand far exceeded supply, but they didn't seem to adjust their billing rates accordingly.

I never got a clear answer as to why. The one guy I talked to seemed scarred by a very demand-limited market some years prior, so maybe he was fearful of making any changes that might leave him under-employed.


I had the exact opposite occur. The missus wanted a patio installed (pavers or bluestone) and the quote we got from one guy was 10k over what others were bidding. He didn't even submit any drawings/diagrams, just told us the quote. Obviously didn't want the job.

Same thing happened with a flooring guy who could have done $30k worth of work. He kept claiming he'd send us a bid but eventually ghosted us.

Tradespeople can skip doing the hard/less-profitable jobs right now while the market is hot.


As you observed, a shrewd tradesperson never refuses work, they just give a terrible quote.

I had an aunt where the neighbour's son replaced a section of fence and just said to pay what they felt was reasonable and it was difficult for my aunt to come up with a number. Probably wasted a few hours coming up with that number, ugh.


It's not just inflated labor pricing. Customers are willing to make more extensive repairs because it's more economical than buying a replacement.


Perhaps you just get pickier about the jobs you take.


My mechanic does this! He loves to work on classic cars as a passion project and has a bunch of classics in his lot that he's slowly working on, however if you call him now, his voicemail says, "Please note if you are calling to inquire work on a model over 20 years old the waiting list is 5-6 months."

He's a great guy- if anyone is in Bay Area and needs a good honest mechanic for foreign or domestic, shout out to Jack at Tom and Jacks in San Bruno!


I tried to get in for an alignment a couple of months ago. I'm used to making an appointment 1 or 2 days out for this sort of thing. All the local shops were booked out over a month. I eventually found a place that had an opening, which ended up being a chain... But I couldn't drive my car for 2 weeks with a bad alignment while I wait for the appointment.


That message does nice double duty as a PC way of saying poors need not bother shopping him for a quote to replace something on their '99 Grand Caravan.


IIUC, you're implying that that mechanic is disdainful of poor customers, and that this just provides convenient political cover.

If so, I'm not sure why you'd assume that. It seems more likely to me that the mechanic is simply choosing his work based on personal interest and perhaps profitability. I don't see why we'd ask anything more than that from him.


I'm not assuming. Everyone even remotely close to the industry knows that mechanics don't like the people who want to do the bare minimum amount of work all the time and that fairly strongly correlates to "poors". Of course given the choice a mechanic would rather do an oil change on a '15 4Runner owned by some yuppie he can upsell a cabin air filter to than do a timing set on a '03 Outback for someone who'll decline the water pump that they traditionally try and sell with it.


If you were even remotely close to the industry, you would know full well that the older a car is, the more of a pain in the ass is to repair. It only takes one rusty bolt snapping off to turn a 30 minute job into a 3 hour one. When that happens, the mechanic has to eat those extra hours. They don't get to crawl back to the customer and beg for triple the price. The shop owner certainly isn't going to pony up the difference. It (effectively) comes right out of their paycheck.

I feel that the instant knee-jerk accusation of discrimination against someone you never even met says quite a bit about you.


That's why "book time" is based on a newbie that has no idea what they're doing.

Fairly common for a job that gets charged out at X hours to only need X/2 hours. And then there's work that gets charged at shop mechanic rate but gets partly or completely done by an apprentice/assistant.

But being from the rust belt, I know what you mean about corrosion.


I live in the northeast and used to flip shitboxes. I understand why anyone working a flat rate environment would rather not deal with old vehicles.

Also the rusty bolt thing is over blown. You learn what you can and can't get away with and stop snapping them pretty quick.

Also the mechanic we're discussing is in CA so it's not like he has that problem.

Obviously everyone wants moneyed customers. The closer you are to the money the more you get.

I'm not saying the primary purpose of his messaging was to tell the poor to screw off, just marveling at the fact that it does nice double duty.


Eh, it also correlates to "cheapskates." I know a lot of people who make FAANG money who do the bare minimum in home/auto repairs. Just cheap SOBs.


I would have thought 4runners were disproportionately bought by people who want to fix the car themselves.


> mechanics don't like the people who want to do the bare minimum amount of work all the time

Does anyone?

> oil change on a '15 4Runner owned by some yuppie

Yuppies don’t drive 7 year old cars


Sadly life gets a lot easier when you exclude the poorest customers. I don't blame anybody for doing that.


Will the insanity pass, though? There's talk of putting cameras in all cars starting in 2026 to prevent... drunk driving[1]?! What's next?

I can't be alone in never buying a car that has this feature.

[1] https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-11-09/congre...


I still won't even buy a car with GPS. Seems I'm in a vanishing minority. It won't pass, because people born after 1990 have spent their adult lives in a world with surveillance machines in their pockets at all times. Their cars are just big phones. By 2040 you probably won't even be allowed to drive your own vehicle.


GPS is a one-way communication. It's really no different from radio in that regard (a signal sent from far away and you have an antenna to read the signal). Unless there's also a cellular modem in your car (which pretty much every modern car has today so I'm not pretending this is unusual) it's impossible for others to monitor your location. You can simply disable the cellular modem and enjoy using GPS without anyone else knowing where you are.

Also, those cellular modems in cars tend to use older technology (this is fairly standard for the auto industry in general since there is such a long regulatory approval process for anything). My 2018 model year car will no longer be able to communicate remotely in January 2022 because the cellular network is being deprecated.


I understand this. To be clear, I'm willing to use GPS. I'm willing to carry a cellphone. I'm even willing to use those things in conjunction when I choose to put a battery in and turn mobile data on and location on. If there were a car with a built-in GPS that didn't have cellular reception, I would get it. (I used to use a TomTom).

But I won't buy a car where those things are integrated and can't be turned off. Several people here seem to assume that I don't understand that almost all cars from the past decade have this capability.

It's one reason I drive a car from 1980, with basically no electronics whatsoever. (Other reasons being: it's more fun, it's simple to repair, and it will still run after an EMP).


I'm saying it's really easy to just kill the cellular modem in pretty much any car. Just short it with solder if you want to. Now you can enjoy almost any car with none of the privacy concerns.

If you prefer older cars that's fine, but there's an easy workaround if the issue really is whether or not there's a cellular modem. I've done this before on multiple vehicles and it won't void the warranty for anything other than parts you want to disable already.


Hm. Interesting. The newer navigation systems are based on Android I think - right?

My GF has a 2008 Lexus with a GPS/nav that is definitely not Android. All the maps are onboard on a drive. She actually can't update her maps anymore because the physical ROMs or whatever stopped being produced a few years ago. I'm assuming that newer cars just download their maps from (somewhere? Is this connectivity part of what's sold as a "navigation package"?)

There are other reasons I'm not a fan of newer cars (auto-braking, too much fly-by-wire stability/antilock/nonsense pushing your pedals when you don't want them pushed, and "hill hold"). But disabling the tracking stuff would make it more palatable.

Ironically, my radar detector knows exactly where I am and communicates with a network all the time when it's plugged in. But that's for my own joy =D


Right, but they can access your car later and see all the places you've been.


Seems like a futile effort to avoid cars with GPS if you carry a device around that is connected to a mobile network. Is there anyone that does not carry around a dumb phone, if not a smartphone?


Yes. I know people who have dumb phones but they only put the batteries in when they need to make a call.


I'm not sure whether the inability to be called is a bug or a feature.


mos def a feature


Presumably you are the only person with the password to your phone unless you use biometrics, with which you can be forced to unlock it. The car's black box, on the other hand, can be dumped by warrant (at the most).


I am referring to the mobile network operators in the country having knowledge of your location at all times if you have a connected and powered on mobile device, which is then available to the government.


Tower logs, sure. I'm definitely drifting toward no-GPS dumbphone territory, but there may also be reasons to give up.


You could unplug the antenna or replace the head unit.


To be honest, not being allowed to drive your own vehicle is probably a good thing.

See e.g. https://www.cdc.gov/injury/features/global-road-safety/index.... From the first few paragraphs:

  Road traffic crashes are a leading cause of death in the United States for people aged 1–54     

  More than half of those killed are pedestrians, motorcyclists, or cyclists.
Drivers risk other people's lives, hence, other people have a right to demand safety from drivers' actions. Supposing computers do get better than humans in the future, why not just stop humans from doing this dangerous activity?

If someone wants to do some old school driving in 2040, go have fun on a private racetrack or whatever. You can even ignore speed limits.


It does wrestle a lot of control from the individual though. It's not hard to imagine possible abuses of power. Tracking everyone's movements is just the start. What if some government decided to deny service to someone? Or not let certain groups travel to certain places. Imagine opportunities for havoc due to hacking

I'd still like driverless cars, but privacy and freedom of movement rights protections need to be thought about.


There are 2 separate aspects here: Driverless, and governement controlled. A driverless car might be a car like today's, except with a computer on board. Governement doesn't connect with your car at an individual level, even if they might adapt the road code a bit to make it more easy on the cars.

The problems you mention are real, but a driverless car doesn't change much. Havoc due to hacking is already possible today, with OTA software updates for cars. Tracking is also possible with cell phones. Driverless car software could be like GPS updates today: Some corporation provides a yearly update and that's it.


>> Havoc due to hacking is already possible today

But it's still legal to buy and drive a car from the 80s that can't be hacked.

Looking ahead, my concern is that we'll begin to see laws that restrict human controlled vehicles from autonomous lanes and eventually whole roads. This would take a lot of burden off the manufacturers. If cars can use a common protocol to communicate across brands, you don't even need traffic lights or turn signals; you don't even need to stop at intersections. Cars can just slow down or speed up by a tiny bit in coordination with other traffic. At that point it will be impossible for a human to drive at all.

It's impossible to separate increasing vehicle autonomy from increased government control. Once there's an ability to make any car pull over to the side remotely, knowing who is in it and where it's going, all freedom of movement and therefore all human autonomy exists completely at the whim of government. That level of control will be abused sooner rather than later, if not in America then certainly in authoritarian states.

Full self driving is an authoritarian trap.


How... how would pedestrians cross these streets?


You could still have crosswalk lights without having traffic signals. Cars on the network would slow, reroute or stop if the pedestrian crossing lights were active. But if there were no pedestrians they could run through intersections at full speed at 90deg angles to each other, as long as they were all timed with the cross-traffic.

To me this is an extremely dystopian outcome, but it's inexorably where we're going once we have full self-driving. And the Tesla fans, not to mention people who are like "oh humans shouldn't even be allowed to drive! Too dangerous!" will be living in this and looking back wistfully at the days when you could make eye contact with a driver and know whether it was safe to cross the street.


What's missing in this analysis is everything not a car or pedestrian. Bikes, scooters, ... So this vision can't become truth. Now I understand these are rare in the US, so maybe you're from over there?

My guess is we'll establish a maximum speed allowed to drive for humans, say 30km/h up to 50km/h. Speeds above this are reserved for robotic drivers, outside inhabited zones. Some of these roads are vehicle only, like we have E- routes in the EU or I-routes in the US. Here, non human traffic is forbidden. Then there are the secondary routes, where high speed should be robot-only and robots have to take care for other traffic. Roads can have markings adapted for easy optical recognition, but driverless cars are required to drive safely without them.

Eye contact with a driver does not at all make it safe to cross a street, as current death toll proves.


er. I don't cross in front of a car unless I make eye ccontact and know they see me. This has so far kept me alive, although it's certainly not foolproof.

You're right, the bicyclists will likely ruin the possibility of total automation for the self-driving fans. I hadn't thought about that. Two clashing visions of a testicle-less utopia. Both entirely devoted to their vision of different worlds in which no one dares take a big machine themselves and drive it down a road without permission.

If it comes to the point where you cannot drive your own car on the highway without computers in it, then you have no freedom of mobility. Your most basic right as a human is gone and your children will grow up in a world where they don't know they have a natural right to go places without asking permission. The only people who will go wherever they please without asking permission will be the people who sold you that technology and who captured the regulatory process to make it required by law.


You don't need remote control for that. Just a etanol sensor, local processing, car computer refuses to start.


>> If someone wants to do some old school driving in 2040, go have fun on a private racetrack or whatever

This reminds me of how only rich people could afford to fly places in the 1940s; then the upper-middle class could afford airline vacations in the 60s-80s; then by the 2000s, it was available to everyone so everyone had to be treated like scum/cattle, and once again if you wanted to take a nice vacation you had to be rich and buy first class tickets, or rent a jet.

So your ideal vision for 2040 is that everyone is herded everywhere and no one gets to experience even a fleeting sense of freedom on the road, except the extremely rich who can afford cars that aren't road-legal and can only go to racetracks? Or maybe large private land holdings?

Because currently, we still live in a society where the average person can experience a modicum of freedom - mobility, autonomy, and privacy - by getting in their car and driving it without help from a computer or monitoring from the government. I think that's worth preserving. A generation that grows up without ever feeling that freedom will be way too easy to control.

Maybe driving your own car will seem anachronistic like, say, writing in full sentences without emojis. But if you think about what we'd be losing, as a personal experience of having the privilege to take yourself anywhere on your own recognizance, it seems like a massive step backwards to deprive humans of that. And it sounds like imprisonment.


I certainly don't buy that your car is freedom trope sold to our parents to buy the latest car back in the sixties. Most cars are dailies and only ever drive between home, work, store ad nauseum. So the rosy tinted idea that cars are freedom just means more traffic, complaining about fuel, complaining about tires, complaining about insurance, and the forgetful fact that humans are driving around a metal and plastic box with several dozen litres of flammable fuel at 100km/h - while listening to shitty breakfast show radio.

No thanks.

I'd rather we do away with the car is freedom trope. Most cars arent even useful, just signals to your nieghbours and friends that you are, in fact, balling. No thanks. Uber had the right idea. Don't own it, go where you want and pay up. Should be cheap when it's automated. Don't like that then take public transport...and if you can - just walk. What happened to just walking?

Right...you can't because our spaces are designed for car travel, not people. Do you see my point?


Cars were my freedom. People live different lives, you know?

Did you drive 100+ miles, one way, for epic parties when you were in high school? I did. That's how rural Arkansas works.

My first tech job required me to go 130 miles one way for months before I could afford my own place and move closer. How would I have done that with your rules?!


Take a bus.

Or a train.


I have the opposite view: driving doesn't feel like freedom to me. It feels like a necessary evil forced upon my by prior generations. Using a self driving car to get around sounds a lot more free to me as I'd be free to do something other than stare at the road and listen to podcasts.


I am sure it would work great with the upcoming quarantine of 2038. Fellow citizen, for your own good, your car has been geofenced to your local grocery shop


This is my cubicle. There are many like it, but this one is mine.

Projecting 6 different insta feeds on the walls and floor and ceiling will be so freeing for our kids. They can save up for a Meta subscription with GTA GFE. Just like driving in a real car with a real girlfriend, but better.


bicycles (wo)man!


With the current average BMI my point still stands


You're never going to see Elon Musk assume liability for one of his exploding deathtraps. It will always come with the disclaimer that you're responsible for driving it.

Autopiloted cars are just investor marketing.


This brings up an interesting point which is why I recently bought a used car. The late 90s, 00s are probably the last road-legal vehicles that won’t spy on you. I wouldn’t put it past lawmakers to make phoning home mandatory like they did with backup cameras. I’m guessing this will also cause prices to skyrocket since there is a sizable minority of people like us who will refuse to buy a car that’s plugged into the Internet.


Worse yet, they'll make you pay for a subscription to the spy service! I've had my new car for exactly a year now, and I got multiple warnings that they were going to turn off the connection that they use for roadside assistance etc. unless I ponied up $8 a month.


I have news for you: not getting a car with navigation doesn't mean squat.

Any vehicle sold with telematics available not only has GPS, but that telematics system is feeding the manufacturer data from the vehicle, including your location.

This happens whether you're subscribing to the telematics service or not. It's always on. Some vehicles do it multiple times an hour or more.


Just unplug the GPS/cell antennas if you're that paranoid? Newer cars will not be made without them anyway because they are actually safety features.


Being spied on is always a safety feature. That's why North Korea is the safest country in the world. No one ever dies there. Not a single case of covid!


Believe it or not, trying to tell people they don't want someone else just a voice command or push button away in the case of an accident, is actually a hard sell. It might be seen as a privacy invasion to some (whether it's used as such in practice is another story), but to others it might actually save their life.


For me it's the touchscreen tablet-like control consoles. The Tesla controls are essentially a laptop in the middle of the car. Given what we know about texting while driving, it is absolutely ludicrous to me that those things are even legal, let alone common.


One compromise is jacking up rates for new customers only.


Keep rates steady for old customers, raise rates for new ones.


Yes it will, just like real estate prices.

Joke.


Could you please explain the joke?


> I usually avoid buying new but used cars are nearly the same price as new (if you can find a dealer that hasn't done ridiculous 'market adjustments').

It seems like the dealers who didn't make these 'adjustments' are leaving money on the table?

> Mechanics are about to make a killing.

Well, we often hear exhortations to reduce-reuse-recycle. Here, the market is sending a price signal exactly along these lines, and people react appropriately.


>> I usually avoid buying new but used cars are nearly the same price as new (if you can find a dealer that hasn't done ridiculous 'market adjustments').

>It seems like the dealers who didn't make these 'adjustments' are leaving money on the table?

I believe their behavior is somewhat constrained by the manufacturers, who have slightly different sales goals in mind. They take a longer view, where new car sales are more than a sale, it represents a chance to upgrade the customer in a couple of years.

Dealerships, on the other hand, often take a very short-sighted view of customers.


Why are dealer market adjustments ridiculous? We live and breathe market forces. No one ever, ever, complains about market adjustments in their favor.


It’s the opposite:

Normal market: “this product costs $2.60.”

‘Wasn’t it like, $2.10 a week ago?’

“Yes it was.”

Cars:

“This car is $26k. Oh, also you have to pay a $2k market adjustment, because man things are just crazy.”

That is, in normal markets, you just raise the price, you don’t need to refer to an explicit “market adjustment”, especially not as a random addon.


On a used car, they do as you describe. On a new car, the sticker generally starts with something like “manufacturer’s suggested base price” then various options, then local adjustments. You can’t just claim that the manufacturer’s suggested base price is $2K higher than it actually is.


I mean you _could_. MSRP is not unique to cars. Graphics cards are sold in online stores for higher than MSRP. It's just not something that dealers are likely to do, because they gravitate towards fees over changing the price.


My claim was simpler. If Ford’s MSRP is $35K and you write up a window sticker representing that Ford MSRP is actually $37K, you’re committing fraud and of a type that will be easily discovered and proven.

So you instead write it as $35K and tack on “market adjustment” or “additional dealer profit” or whatever else of $2K.


It's completely fair to raise the price due to supply and demand, just as its fair to lower it. I don't think you are objecting to that, in either direction. But your complaint that it should just be called the price is a bit puzzling. Honestly, what do you (anyone) care what it's called? It's not a random addon, it's a carefully calculated (and continually tested) clearing price.

Normal market car pricing: "This car costs $26k. Oh also, we are giving $2k off because man we have so many of these. And so does the dealer in the next county over. Please buy from us. Today."

This is normal because discounts motivate buying behaviors, not because car manufacturers are laughably bad at setting MSRP. But also, it's critical for prices to be flexible regionally, and faster than the manufacturer can declare what the fair price should be.

Saturn famously tried non negotiable national sticker pricing. Just like Sears tried having no sales whatsoever. Both had to revert to standard pricing behavior.

My point? In a normal market, the sticker price is not the price.


Most markets don’t put you through that garbage, no.

And it’s not fair to advertise one price and add on a market adjustment when someone asks to buy it.


This is an industry famous for charging a small fortune for BS undercoatings. For Doc fees, Nitrogen air in tires, destination fees etc.


Rust-prevention undercoatings aren't BS. They really work if re-applied regularly.


I bought a tesla about a year ago. I only had to wait a week for it. 0 down and something like 2% APR. I feel like I really lucked out there


It's regional. I got one some months ago "barely used" with 12 miles on it, delivered within a month. A friend's Model 3 got flooded and insurance paid for a new one, he was able to get a Model 3 Performance within two weeks, brand new. This was one month ago in the Northeast. A friend in Denver, CO, was not so lucky: casually looking to buy in September, a delivery timeframe of Jan-Feb 2022 presented itself.


it's crazy! like, I'm sure tesla is loving having the backlog, but this isn't some transitory issue like cnn wants us to think.


we're talking about trends and the crazy car market this year, but thanks for telling us you got a tesla


you're welcome, I love telling people I got a tesla =)


Why do you think those market adjustments are ridiculous? Isn't that how supply and demand will adjust?


If you are adversely affected by price changes, then price changes ridiculous, absurd, and ripoffs.

If you are beneficially affected by price changes, then price changes are a result of supply and demand.


There's a third option:

The market clearing price has increased, but sellers refuse (or are banned) from increasing their prices. That way leads to queues and shortages.

Of course, in the opposite direction you get inventory piling up (or unemployed people).


You're right, poor choice of words.

Quite rational market adjustments.

However...I did end up going to another dealership that didn't do the adjustments. Since I tend to stick with vendors, especially for large ticket items, I suspect the total lifetime value the first dealership missed out on by tacking on the market adjustment (that they didn't tell us about until we asked -- it wasn't on the sticker), eclipses the extra profit they would have made on that sale, even when adjusting for the time value of money.


I bought a new car about a year and a half ago. With 3 years 0% interest, I put the entire amount in an index fund and have been paying installments. At this point I’ve paid ~18,000 but because of market profits and taxes it has only been around $8000 I’ve really ended up paying.


You’re saying you invested the equivalent of the car’s sticker price into an index fund upon purchasing, and draw from that to pay the installments on the loan used to purchase the car? How is this different than just investing all your spare cash? Mindset shift reserving the capital to cover the cars value, like the envelope budgeting approach?


It’s not really different except it’s better than paying for a car outright during this market and you’ve already put the money aside so you don’t have to worry about coming up with it each month.


This is the way.


I bought a RAV4 over the summer. There was no inventory (hint: dealer web sites will lie to you about what's actually available to purchase), I ended up reserving one that hadn't been shipped to the dealer yet and waiting for around a month for it to arrive. Autotrader shows zero of the same trim for sale used within 500 miles so not even sure what it would sell for.


Bought a new Subaru Impreza this spring. We had been saving for a couple years for my (close enough) dream car (wanted the WRX STI, but that maintenance is a real bitch).

We have now had 4 calls from the dealership where we bought it offering to buy it back for thousands of dollars more than we paid this spring. So far their best offer was $6500 more than what we paid.

It's outrageous.


> So far their best offer was $6500 more than what we paid.

Wow. That would be tempting. I'd probably take an offer like that and just use Uber for trips for a couple of years until all of this blows over.


Does this mean the dealership thinks they can sell it for $10K+ more now even used?


Even if they sell it for what they pay OP they can make money off financing


Counter at >$8k. Always reject their first offer.


Funny how Americans want to be able to buy cars directly from the forecourt of a particular dealer then and there. When I buy a new car in the UK I order from the manufacturer.

In America how do you get the spec and colour you want if they've already made the car?

And don't you object to buying something that's been sitting around outside for a while with lots of people getting in and out of it?


I’m not sure what Americans actually want, but direct automaker-to-consumer sales have been prohibited in almost every US state by franchise laws requiring that new cars be sold only by licensed, independently owned dealerships. This has been the case for about 80 years or so.

If you have the desire for a specific color/options and it’s not on the lot, the dealer will either get one from another dealer or order you one from the automaker.


My SO's Subaru Outback's engine died recently. It would be $5000 to replace it. Not being able to justify the cost when it had an engine replacement 2 years ago, was already 9 years old, had 160k miles on it, and us not needing a second car, we decided to just sell it. A dealer bought it for $6500 knowing that the engine was shot. I was expecting like half of that with an optimistic estimate.


An engine replaced 2 years ago should absolutely not fail and should be under warranty.


It was likely replaced with another used engine. No mechanic is gonna warranty that for 2 years, and I doubt they'd even warranty a new engine for 2 years unless they rebuilt it themselves. You'd have to take that up with the engine manufacturer / refurbisher or the person who sold it.


It's a Subaru, they blow through engines. A relative had a 2014 Forester and it had two engines replaced under warranty. This is apparently a known problem with a certain recent version of their 4 cyl. boxer engines.


For sure. If you want a Subaru that lasts forever, get the 3.6R - it's a bulletproof 6-cylinder paired with a heavy-duty transmission. They stopped making them about 2 or 3 years ago.


Same here. For just 10k euros more I got a current year new model vs a used 2016.

Used car market is crazy.


That doesn’t seem that crazy to me.


Yeah, 10k€ is certainly not change.


I've done significant work to a 20-year-old car recently. Over $4k. It's easy to justify when you consider how much replacing it right now would cost.


And when you find a car that’s available they all are stacking an extra 10k “market adjustment” on top. It’s a huge scam.


That doesn't sound like a scam? Frustrating if you're shopping, but not a scam.


Isn't that just market economics? Supply and demand? Isn't the greatness of the USA supposed to be predicated on the market being king, and the freedom of people to do what they like?

Until there's a shortage of something you want, which in turn drives up the price - then it's a scam?


Yes, but it's deceptive how they will market the car as one price, then when you show up be like oh yeah theres this added fee we're going to sneak in.


I'm in a similar situation my old truck will cost more to repair than it's worth. I thought I'd go EV but two year old used EVs cost the same as new EVs. Used EVs get $5K rebate and new $10K rebate so new it is! But as you say zero new vehicles. I've never seen car lots so empty or new or used.


At that point, why not just put a new (junkyard from a wrecked one) engine in?


$7,000 to put a new engine in a 2011 GMC Terrain that was worth maybe $8000. The engine was recalled by GM for excess oil consumption, my engine had the fixed installed and still died 30k miles later.

I went with a new one because that particular vehicle ended up costing me more monthly than a car payment.


I think OP's advice is good, that's what I would do, but I think for this particular vehicle it's not a good idea to replace the engine with a used one from a junkyard, because they have a lot of engine problems and the replacement engine wouldn't last long either. A friend of mine found out the hard way. Other vehicles though, I think it would be worth it replacing the engine with a used one in good condition.


Stop buying shitty GM's. I learned my lesson back in in the late 90's when I couldn't keep a GMC Sonoma running long enough to sell it (was like 3 years old). In 2000 I became part of the Toyota family (worked for FORD at the time) and never bought anything else since.

The 2 Toyota and 1 Lexus we own are between 14-11 years old and look and run like they came off the assembly line yesterday (all 3 were bought used). I figure I am still good for another 5 years minimum on all of them.


Eh... my anecdote is that I know multiple people with GM vehicles with over 200,000 miles that run fine. And my 2007 GMC Sierra is still like new, and should have way more than 5 years of life left in it.

Your Toyotas probably have well more than 5 years left in them too. Unless you're someone who replaces cars at 100,000 miles, which a lot of people do.


Lifetime TCO is a thing.

If you bought a Bubble Taurus in '99 and fed it a new transmission every 100k you'd probably come out the same after adjusting for inflation between then and now.

I deal exclusively in shitboxes that are about 10yr beyond what the demographics most represented. Anyone peddling a "just buy a particular brand and you'll be all set" narrative is just wrong. If you said "be rich enough to do maintenance on the book schedule and not abuse your vehicles" you'd be on to something. There's a reason everyone wants a used grandma car.


That depends on how much you value your time. I have had Hondas for the past 25 years that have not required major repairs for anything. Worst was having to get the automatic transmission solenoid replaced on a Pilot with 240k+ miles on it. In your world that would be 6 transmissions over three cars over 25 years; there's no way I would make that trade, since those 6 transmission failures represent significant lost time (opportunity and time costs when the car breaks down, getting it back and forth to the repair shop, etc., etc.)


Funnily enough, my first car was a used grandma '99 Taurus. I sold it to a family member, and it's still driving.


My car isn't dead yet, but it's around the time I would look at buying another used car. I bought a used motorcycle instead and am splitting miles.


I had to pay $2k over MSRP to basically get a contract signed to wait for my Corolla not even built yet by end of month. Dealers don't even try to get you to stay for cars. They know someone else will walk in and buy it if you don't. It's that insane.


Here's the flip side of that from auto lenders. They are seeing a huge recovery benefit from repossession of vehicle after chargeoff. Lenders portfolios are seeing a net benefit in chargeoffs which has hardly ever happened in recent history. Even more bizarre.

https://www.yahoo.com/now/ally-financial-ally-beats-q3-12451...


Another flip side effect. My dad is a CFO at a car dealership and tells me that the banks are having problems due to the lack of cars as well. A dealership will normally float all their inventory on a big bank note but they basically have no cars on the lot to sell which means the banks underwriting those notes are making no money on interest. Multiply it by thousands of dealerships nationwide and this has big impacts on revenue to those banks.


Could you clarify what this means for a layman? AIUI you are saying that a car dealership will borrow money from the bank to purchase their inventory, but nowadays with no inventory, banks are not getting payments from the dealers for the money they've borrowed. 1. With no inventory, why does the dealer need the money from the bank? 2. If the dealer is still borrowing money from the bank despite having no inventory, don't they still need to pay interest? I think there is something fundamental that I am misunderstanding here.


Dealers have a line of credit, like a credit card, that they use to purchase inventory. They pay it back as they sell cars, and run it up as they buy new inventory to replace it. So the overall loan balance roughly represents their current unsold inventory. No inventory means no loan balance, which means no interest payments to the bank.


It sounds like dealers choose how much to borrow. If they borrow less, banks get less interest, meaning less income, unless they replace it by finding other people to make loans to.


This seems like a really good thing for the dealership. They are able to operate with ~0 inventory and ~0 inventory holding costs.


Amazon famously has (or had?) something like negative inventory on the books. To be more technical, it's negative working capital, or negative cash conversion cycle.

That's because in whole-sale you typically have something like 90 days to pay your bills. But Amazon sells its inventory on to retail customers (who up front) before those 90 days are up.

Now, if I describe it as 'negative working capital' it sounds like some desirable thing. But the flip side is that you can also describe it more mundanely as: Amazon gets loans from its suppliers.


walmart pioneered negative working capital for retail well before amazon existed (70s-80s iirc). it's how walmart jettisoned itself into a retail juggernaut. carrefour cribbed that part of the playbook from them to expand across france and europe, and bezos very likely did so as well. it only works when you have enough monopsony power to persuade/coerce the supply chain into cooperating.


> it only works when you have enough monopsony power to persuade/coerce the supply chain into cooperating.

What makes you think so? If you offer attractive enough terms, you can get financing from your suppliers just fine.

And what makes you think Amazon, Carrefour or Walmart etc have monopsony power?


The Tesla model. I wonder if any of them will realise they can just sell cars without a flashy dealership showroom with sales staff and demonstrators?


That's insane.

If only all the small US banks and credit unions held off on their (~2005) indirect lending strategy and saved it for now, it might have actually been profitable!


Are you saying that doing indirect lending around 2005 makes them unable to do the same in 2021?


I believe so, yes, indirectly.


Wow, those are some terrible incentives. I've never had a loan, so maybe I misunderstand the experience. But I'd hate to owe money to somebody that is hoping I fail badly enough that they take my stuff and while keeping my money.


Usually the bank has no mechanism to alter whether you make payments or not. Keep making payments and they can't repossess the car.

It'll be interesting to see what this does to the credit quality of future borrowers, which is the only leverage the bank has. Secured loans on appreciating assets mean that at some point, the bank has an incentive to write loans that they know are not going to be repaid, because they buy only part of the asset, receive a stream of cash payments for it, and then get the full asset anyway when the borrower defaults. It's like a call option that you get paid for instead of paying for.

Come to think of it, I wonder if this is why we got NINJA loans with the 05-07 housing bubble. Once housing prices started going up consistently enough, it becomes profitable to write loans to borrowers that you know are going to default, because you can take the house and enjoy the asset appreciation while getting a nice stream of cash flows in the process.


"...it becomes profitable to write loans to borrowers that you know are going to default, because you can take the house and enjoy the asset appreciation while getting a nice stream of cash flows in the process."

Not the way it works, for two main reasons. First, people who owe less than the house is worth are generally not foreclosed on - in the worst case they just sell and keep whatever equity they get away with. Second, legally the bank can't keep any surplus. If they foreclose on your house, they have to sell it at auction and keep only up to the amount you owed. They would have to give you any excess. At least for houses, banks aren't allowed to profit from foreclosures.


the surplus comes from late payment fees, penalties, foreclosure fees, etc. On paper there is no surplus, in reality all equity is wiped out


> At least for houses, banks aren't allowed to profit from foreclosures.

I assume the details depend on whatever the fine print on your mortgage says?


> It'll be interesting to see what this does to the credit quality of future borrowers, which is the only leverage the bank has. Secured loans on appreciating assets mean that at some point, the bank has an incentive to write loans that they know are not going to be repaid, because they buy only part of the asset, receive a stream of cash payments for it, and then get the full asset anyway when the borrower defaults. It's like a call option that you get paid for instead of paying for.

Seems a bit roundabout. If they want to bet on appreciating assets, they can just buy those assets directly?

> Come to think of it, I wonder if this is why we got NINJA loans with the 05-07 housing bubble.

There was no housing bubble. Only a big housing 'burst'.

See eg https://www.idiosyncraticwhisk.com/p/a-slide-deck-on-bubble-... (and if you are really interested, I can give you some better material.)


It's in the best interest of a bank not to repossess because there are operational expenses and the bank will get more return if the loan goes to completion.


Aren't you on the hook for those operational expenses?

The bank only loses if you default early in your loan, and the price of the collateral collapses.


The way this is set up if the first happens the second was likely the cause.


unless the collateral appreciates past some threshold of expectation


Just usury at work. Is anyone surprised?


They're really only keeping the interest and principle up to that point.

Long story short, pay your bill.


How can you honestly "charge off" a debt as unlikely to be repaid, when you are quite likely to be repaid? It seems that in the case of a car loan you can usually reposses the collateral, which recently will have held value oreven appreciated in the interim.


Historically, car values underwent significant depreciation over time and loans that went delinquent were for vehicles that were "underwater"- their value was less than the loan. Its pretty much unprecedented for the value of a vehicle to actually increase at any point in time over its life, and how long this anomaly will go on for is very uncertain- another way to put it is that you don't change all of your process and accounting norms because of a temporary (at least as we think for now) supply issue.


> you don't change all of your process and accounting norms because of a temporary (at least as we think for now) supply issue

Is this why some people stick insist on making payments by sending cheques through the post?


> [...] you don't change all of your process and accounting norms because of a temporary (at least as we think for now) supply issue.

Yes. And for the appreciation to persist, the supply chain issue wouldn't just have to persist, but get worse.

Current prices reflect expected supply chain issues. That's both prices for new and used cars.


I daily drive a beater NA Miata, and throughout the past year or so I keep getting harassed to sell it. In the parking lots of grocery stores, post office, home depot, you name it and someone has literally camped out waiting for me to return just so they can try pressure me to sell, often quite rudely too.

From my perspective it's pretty crazy, the car appears neglected with a very rough exterior... it doesn't scream "buy me, you won't regret it". People are behaving desperately.


Two years ago you could go to craigslist and search for Miata and get a hundred cars for sale any day.

Today, hard to find a reasonable one.


NA Miatas are becoming rarer, especially if yours is not modified to hell and back. And collector car prices have been climbing a lot recently.


Sure, but mine is a ~350k mile piece of shit with a salvage title after someone T-boned it at low speed, and I haven't made any real attempt to repair that damage. Nobody in their right mind looks at my Miata and thinks "collector car!"


No rust? In todays Miata market? 3k.

Back in 2016, 3k was a clean sub 100k mi Miata


Someone wants to build an Exocet or a Miata-kart out of it. I think that's where a lot of them have gone.


These are usually quite obviously parents with a newly licensed kid anxiously watching the interaction from the back seat.

But yeah, occasionally it's a gearhead who wants to do something like that - it's the exception though. Those instances we end up talking shop, and that's kind of always been a thing (I've driven Miatas for over a decade, this is my third).

The ~recent thing is the parents harassing me, it's like they can't find cheap first cars for their newly licensed children.


Anything that depends on Silicon right now is heavily warped.

For example my GPU used is seemly now more valuable than I paid for it new, I will soon attempt to sell it.

Meanwhile new GPUs area crazy expensive too, people like to blame miners but even GPUs terrible for mining are crazy expensive, I actually then considered mining to pay a new GPU, only to find out that mining is not being too profitable either, the most profitable GPU I could find visiting mining calculators would be whatever one in my country would take me 2 YEARS to pay off, so I doubt miners are actually that hot for GPUs...

I also need a SSD ( don't have any, I still use HDDs), found out my mobo has poor suport for one.

Calculated price for new computer assembled from parts, found out it is not even POSSIBLE to build one, a lot of parts are 100% out of stock, for example every single website I entered has mobos with AMD X570 chipsets sold out, sound cards, even crap 5 USD ones to plug on USB? sold out. SSDs bigger than 500gb? Sold out. GPUs? Mostly sold out excepting really crap ones (those tiny boards that fit in a 1x slot) or really good ones (those that cost as much as a motorcycle).

CPUs? A bunch of them sold out too, one I actually saw with plenty of stock is EPYC 7742 that has the same price as a SUV here O.o (I am not even sure what someone would use that CPU for... seriously what you do with 128 threads???)

Also my wife wanted a TV (we didn't had one, we were using a borrowed one). We visited a lot of stores before we found one in stock, and when we found it and purchased it, it triggered multiple stores from the same franchise to start to angrily message each other arguing about who should have the last pieces in their storefront...


GPUs are bad, CPUs are getting better, but the rest (except for RAM during mid-2020) are in plenty supply... I'm also looking for a SSD and there's quite a few options going on special (well below MSRP) these days. I'm waiting for Black Friday to pull the trigger, but maybe I shouldn't if things continue going this route.

FWIW, I just extended the lease on my Leaf for the 2nd 6-month term because there is simply no new Leaf in stock anywhere within 100 miles of Seattle; at this rate, I might as well buy it out (even though when I got, I negotiated for a great monthly rate and didn't care about the residual).


With current market conditions, why would a retailer have a Black Friday event? Print advertising flyers that say "come look at our empty shelves"?


It's customary to have those events.

You'd have to look at the actual discounts they give: if they are small enough, they might just be equivalent to those flyers you mentioned.

(Though in a well functioning market, we shouldn't see empty shelves. We should just see higher prices. And if you raise prices enough, you can just drop them a bit for a promotion.)


Also, many times the Black Friday "deals" are special SKUs made specifically for the event. Notoriously, TVs.


I realize this is just an anecdote, but I replaced the motherboard for my PC (an HP Z420) and it was dirt cheap IMO ($50). I have no idea what a fair market price for it is but it's perfectly reasonable.

You can find tons of similar models like my PC for sale on ebay for dirty cheap and they are perfectly acceptable for home use.

No, they will not sip power like an M1 or pair well with a RTX 3090 but they will do everything else just fine.

That said, I think it's only because the demand hasn't reached this low yet. But there's still a fair amount of supply left and it's a mixed blessing that the last few years hasn't seen drastic CPU performance gains that hasn't yet been stripped away by software, so anything even a decade old could be suitable, depending on your use case.


I agree it’s shortages and not really miners to primarily blame for the GPU issues… but the type of mining you are doing is not the same as professional miners. There is tons of demand.


I bought a used Vega56 in 2019 for 180 Eur and just sold it for over 600, got a used 2070S for that money. Thankfully CPU prices etc seemed quite ok so I finally upgraded to a Ryzen system with a somewhat up to date GPU. Had no issues with out of stock parts though, bought Motherboard, CPU, RAM, SSD new for reasonable prices.


One of the other oddities of this market is that prices for "normal" cars have increased at a higher rate than prices for "upmarket" cars.

There is now some pricing overlap that never used to be there.


Interesting that we had the same effect for housing (at least in the Bay Area) during and immediately after the pandemic. Hot zip codes like San Francisco, Palo Alto, Menlo Park, Mountain View, Portola Valley, Woodside, etc. actually fell. Second-tier suburbs like the mid-peninsula, Sunnyvale, Fremont, Berkeley, Oakland, El Cerrito, etc. exploded.

I suspect that it's a function of shortages. When there are not enough goods to go around at the high end, some fraction of those buyers get displaced to the next tier down. They keep their high-end incomes and ability to pay, though, and bid against each other so that the next tier of goods becomes almost as expensive.


I noticed the same thing - Nissan and Infiniti models that are basically the same chassis but with fancier features going for the same price. Infiniti was lower than MSRP but Nissan was above.


Someone in the market for a new Porsche can probably wait. Someone in the market for a new Kia probably can't.


Someone in the market for a Porsche won't have to wait because they are high margin products.

VW will be looking at the shortages and making the calculation that they are better off putting limited resources (chips) into Porsches rather than Skodas.


To the extent that's true (and it clearly is), it exerts even more upward price pressure on the Skodas, since demand is going unfilled. In reality, it will take about a year to receive a 992 ordered now. They can't make anything in the volume needed to satisfy demand.

I have a feeling that this particular shitshow is still in Act I. Nobody at my company is ordering any new 911s, considering that the brokers have jacked up the prices of $50 FPGAs to $750.


>Someone in the market for a Porsche won't have to wait because they are high margin products

do I have news for you :-)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNkwv0SHEEs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DTibY2dDN0

TLDR maybe 2 cars per dealer allocated to the end of the year


This is interesting, can you give some examples?


It's interesting to browse Carvana - many of their listings include a link to a window sticker, which includes the original MSRP.

Some normal cars, especially ones in high demand like the Kia Telluride, are quite marked up. Here's an almost-new Telluride listed for $46,990, but if you look at the window sticker, the MSRP when new was $35,770. https://www.carvana.com/vehicle/1936818

One the other hand, the Mercedes GLC isn't at the top of most people's lists. Here's an almost-new one listed for $49,990. According to the window sticker, original MSRP was $51,125. https://www.carvana.com/vehicle/2059912

MSRPs $15k apart, but now listed for a just a $3k difference.


As another poster noted, Kia is a particularly good example. I am trying to buy a Kia suv and would normally have thought of it as a mid- to lower-level consumer brand, but there’s insane markups and competition for them right now. The Sorento tends to be marked up $3-8k over msrp in the bay area, and I’ve seen the Telluride marked up $10k+. I went to test drive a Telluride; the first one was bought as I was getting in and the new owner shouted me out of the car, and the salesperson told me to decide whether I wanted the second one before I got back or he’d have it sold. Anecdotal, but he told me that folks who would usually go for a Range Rover like the style, so they’re happy to pay $60k for a marked up Kia versus $100k for whatever else they would have bought.


I had an article that had a big list, but unfortunately I can't find it any more. You can do some web searches and see that the brands with the largest price gains are "normal" while the brands with the smallest price gains are "luxury" cars.

You may do best with some anecdotal evidence, however.

I moved from the city to the country this year and needed to buy a 2nd car to get me to/from the train station once work went back in person. We were targeted for an October return, so my plan was to buy a cheap used car starting around July. I quickly found that cheap used cars don't exist, but certainly the ones that were the least overpriced were luxury makes, which I associated with concerns over long-term reliability - but I now think that was incorrect.

Once I gave up on used cars, I started looking at new cars. "Normal" dealerships were an incredible pain, especially once they found out that I was not going to trade in the car I arrived in. They all wanted high prices above sticker price, long waits, all sorts of games with add-on packages, etc. The two closest dealerships to me were Mercedes and Audi, and when I went to them I found no games, no markups, no giant crush of buyers clogging everything up, etc. I ended up with an Audi Q5 at ~$2k below sticker price (~$46k), the same price range I was being quoted for a Honda Ridgeline (well over sticker - and not even the top model).

In normal times it probably would have been $5k below sticker, but whatever. The return to office got delayed again - maybe early 2022 - so it now just sits in the garage getting dusty. Still has the new car smell.


All I can offer is an anecdote. I have a 2015 Mazda 3 (top trim level, with 34,000 miles on it.) Purchased 4.5 years ago with 8k on it for just under $20k.

Well over a year ago, I started checking KBB.com values to either trade it in or sell it. Back then, trade was close to $12k, and private party was a bit over $13k.

I've checked several times since then, and the price has basically grown and grown. As of today, it's showing $18k trade-in and $18.5k private party.

As little as I drive, I'm very tempted to sell. But at the same time, I could drive this car for the next 10 years easily. With remote work being a permanent fixture for me, I don't really need the car, but I'm still a bit emotionally attached to it. But am I more emotionally attached than I would be to $18,000?

I am curious, though, how well KBB aligns with real world transactions and what dealers are willing to pay. (It's always been a hassle negotiating dealers to give you anywhere close to KBB trade-in values.)


If you really want to see something insane, get a quote on Carvana.

I have a 2018 Mazda3T Sedan with really low miles (thanks COVID) and they're offering me more than the MSRP when I bought it three years ago.


> really low miles

This is key, otherwise you should save your time, private sales are the way to go in the current market for higher milage vehicles


My wife was in a similar position. 2013 Mazda 3 base trim. She was going to sell it early 2020 because we didn't need the second car and KBB said ~$4k.

We decided to actually get rid of it last weekend and KBB said $6500-$7500 for trade-in. There were some cosmetic issues with it so figured we'd be on the low end. Not wanting to deal with posting it to craigslist and coordinate visits, we asked if the dealership would purchase it. They offered us $6k so reasonably close.


If you live in the rust belt, I'd advise to sell it within a couple years. I had two Mazdas they both died of rusted-out frames while the engines and interiors were still perfectly fine.

If you're in a dry climate, it'll last a very long time as long as you keep up on maintenance.


Old mazdas were made with Ford though. The more recent ones are completely different.


You are in a good position to wait for a sweet private party deal. I'm not sure if you will ever get KBB at a dealer but many private buyers will use it as a reference point so you should be able to get close to that asking as long as you have assessed its condition properly.


What would you do after selling? Go by foot? Or buy another car at similarly inflated prices?


As I hinted, I work from home, as does my spouse. We could share her car, as we often do now. My car is just a luxury/convenience item at this point, not a necessity.

(Though I have an irrational desire to eventually get a truck to help with my chores around the property. But no rush on that.)


They said themselves that they don't really need the car anyways. Is walking (or bicycling) to places really such a foreign concept to so many people?


Recently had a car totaled. Blue book was about 19k private party sale in excellent condition. Insurance gave me $27k.

So yes it’s nuts.


What would it look like if asset speculation hit the used car market? Would it look much different than this?

Normally that would be a poor investment because same-car prices steadily trend downward. But if the market changed such that used car prices were increasing - say, due to a shortage of new car availability - then would some investors be inclined to start hoarding used cars?


If prices are increasing faster than the maintenance that is needed :)

Hoarding used cars for a slightly long time will have them deteriorate somewhat. Some will have small issues, some might have bigger. Theoretical value might be higher, but when selling time comes the practical value might be a disappointment. Getting them ready for sale will have costs.

Car dealers just go for fast profit, like they always did.


All true, but I feel compelled to point out that houses need maintenance as well. But, as a percentage of the price, probably not as much.


Anyone know if this is happening with used cargo vans, e.g. the Amazon-branded delivery vans, or something larger e.g. the smallest Ryder box trucks?

I was considering getting a new or used pickup in the next year or so, but one of those babies would serve me even better.


I've been trying to buy a new cargo van from Ford since May. They originally told me it would be ready in November but then there were so many orders mine got pushed to the next model year. I'm hoping to get it before the end of winter...

I'm not super sure about the used market but these vans have been very in demand for things like camper conversion.


I think so. Trying to find a Transit or Sprinter right now is hard enough.


So is this a good time to sell my car if I don't really use it or should I hold onto it?


I think it depends on how long you can wait until you would need another car.

Yeah, you can potentially lose little to none in depreciation (or gain in some situations) selling your car currently. If you have another car or just don't need one, can be quite nice to get great value + reduce your insurance/gas etc. But if you will need another car again in 12 months I think it's a bit unclear whether it's worth it & where the market will be (granted - i'm no market analyst). If it's no issue to wait 24+ months I definitely think it's an amazing time to sell cars that get little use.


Probably the best time in history to sell a car you don't need


For sure. My 2010 used Acura has never been valued so high even though I am not looking to sell.


The MSRP for my Tesla Model Y, which I got May 2020 and has 17k miles now, was ~$54k. For kicks I asked Vroom for a quote and they were willing to pay $61.5k in my area... If this weren't my only car, I would probably be taking them up on it.


Carmax was willing to pay a couple grand more than I paid brand new for my 6-speed manual Golf Alltrack (10k miles).


I am out of the country for a few months and was going to sell back my car but decided that at 0% financing it was actually an investment to let it sit. Not often does a used car become an appreciating asset, but here we are.


In Norway it's relatively normal.

Plenty of used cars at normal prices and if you want a new car you can buy a Tesla and get it next month.


USA here - ordered a Tesla Model Y in July 2021. Estimated delivery was October 2021. A couple of weeks ago, that date changed to April 2022.


Yes the Tesla cars we can buy without too long wait are from the Chinese factory. I ordered my Model Y late August and got it beginning of September.


You can choose the factory?


Its not explicitly said but Long range is from China, and Performance is from USA.


So you can get a long range a lot sooner?


If you buy the car in Norway, yes.


Configuration probably dictates origin.


And tariffs. USMCA heavily biases car manufacturing towards North America.


Man, that's crazy how sudden this car demand surge happened. I was in the market for a Model Y in February 2021 and got mine in March.


Hertz


I bought a 2009 4Runner back in March for $15k. Back then $15k would buy you the nicest 4th Generation (03-09) 4Runner. Now days that seems to be the average asking price, most 4Runners from that generation are going for at least $12k (with over 200k miles) and the nicest ones (with low 100k miles) are fetching over $20k.

That's 15k to 20k for a car that is 11 years old at it's youngest and mileage under 150k is considered "low mileage"


4Runners are notorious for holding their resale value well since they're known to be very reliable vehicles that can run 400k miles+ if you take care of them. You can put Land Cruisers in this category too.


09 Accord with 70k miles, bought in 2012 for 15k. Appraised in September 2021 at $6800 at Carmax and then sold to them in November 2021 for $7900. Dealership had offered $5000 for it in 2020.


I found a 2008 4Runner v6 engine with 4 wheel drive some years back. People ask me all the time to sell and I never will because that platform is so solid.


Does the 4 in 4Runner not mean they all have 4 wheel drive?


Nope! Many are 2WD (RWD), perhaps even most depending on the area. Some are full-time 4WD, but many have the manual 4WD selector 2H-4H-4L.


Interesting. I assumed they all had the 4WD selector.


It depends on the configuration. My 2007 V8 only came one way with 4H and 4L on the selector.


That's a subtle difference between the V6 and V8, V6 is 2WD or 4WD, V8 is 4WD only.


So the working explanation is that the disappearance of new cars (due to chip shortages) has doubled the price of used cars?

How long can that bubble last? Is it the same globally?


In northern Europe, it’s business as usual. Maybe our volumes are so small that the market need for new cars is still met?


My wife's car has gone up in value by 20% since we bought it two years ago. This is in the UK.


Interesting. A doubling in the US seems bigger to me than just the chip shortage.

I wonder if the US tax incentives/spending policy this year are increasing demand at the same time supply is short?


A huge price inflation in ICE is perfect for making EVs more affordable from a perception standpoint.

When the drivetrain cost drops well under ICE (pre-inflation, which should happen with Tesla in about a year depending on 4680 production) and charging takes off, ICEs will look completely noncompetitive.

If solid state batteries become feasible and/or LFP hits the magic density number of around 200-250 wh/kg? Look out. The bottom is going to fall out.


A brand new 2020 Toyota Landcruiser is worth a lot less than a second hand one in Australia right now. $160k+ for a second hand one :(



Apparently the Honda e is bucking the trend. I could buy a brand new Honda e Advance from Honda for 39 886 €, or I could buy a 2020 model with 2000 km on the odometer from a car dealership for 29 800 €.

I'm guessing its subpar battery range doesn't do wonders for values.


It's interesting as this is mostly an American phenomena. In other places, where cars are ordered weeks/months out, the price is set and the dealership does a flat value add on at best.

In USA, it is common to have hundreds, if not thousands via floor financing - too bad for FIAT. If they could've held on they probably would be having a good year.

I've seen the trend of cheaper to buy a new car then a used one for 1-3yr old models for a while but now it has fully encompassed the whole market it's bizarre. 10yr old cars selling for 50% still. With high usage, 100k+ on odometer in miles.

I'm still confused if it's a sign of inflation/weak money or just true demand.

Where are all these cars going?


It would be interesting if house and car prices counted when reporting inflation figures.


They do afaik.

https://www.bls.gov/cpi/factsheets/used-cars-and-trucks.htm

There are different CPIs and debate over accuracy.


housing and rent is ~1/3 of CPI. used cars are ~2.5%.


So if used cars double in price, then that's 2.5% of absolute inflation before anything else moves.


Everybody's discussing the effects of what's happening, but where did this demand come from? Sure, a bunch of people sold cars during Covid last year (but those cars went to someone else, they weren't destroyed), but lots of people who WFHd last year are still WFH this year.

Why does everyone suddenly need a car? Cheap credit is definitely at least in part fueling it.


I wonder where all this market has gone. I've looked into selling my 7 year old BMW, and best I can tell by surveying craigslist, the prices are not substantially higher than they were before COVID. I looked at how little I'd get and decided to keep the car.

It's probably like with any other market - low end is super volatile, higher end much less so.


I don't use my car much.. thinking about selling my 2019 and buy back a 2022 for the same price in a year, if I get lucky.


I know this is anecdotal, but I ran a Carvana offer today just to see what they’d give me for my one year old Subaru Forester. Their offer is $2,000 higher than my payoff quote from the bank. I haven’t tried shopping around to see how that offer compares to Carmax or a dealership. I still need this vehicle, but it’s crazy nonetheless.


Carvana is offering me $7k over my payoff quote on my 2.5 year old lease.


My lease ended recently and Subaru cut me a $5k check to take it back. They gave me another lease on a new vehicle for a lower payment.

It's 2.5 years but I only need it a year. They suggested I bring it back in then and they'd likely buy it back off me if things don't improve.


“The strongest months are always during tax refund season, so late fall usually represents the lull in the market…”

I’m sure this isn’t the full explanation, but the IRS is so messed up this year that this is tax refund season. I didn’t get my refund until a month ago, and my accountant says many others have waited this long.


My truck is worth more today then when I bought it 4 years ago... Crazy that automobiles are now an appreciating asset...


The thing is, cars aren’t actually worth more today than they were 4 years ago, it’s just that your money is worth less and assets like cars+housing are where inflation is most visible.


Only if wages have been keeping pace with inflation. I don't think that has been the case.


This is exactly what we've done to the housing market in the US. For some reason, people intuitively get why it's happening with cars, but housing... it's some kind of weird mystery why it's so expensive in so many places.


Housing doesn’t seem like a mystery at all. Home prices have been increasing rapidly for several years and supply is partly constrained by the pandemic.


This has actually been a favorite analogy of YIMBYs for quite some time. "What if the supply of new cars were constrained for some reason?," they'd ask. "What would happen to the market for new cars? Would prices go up or down? Would people who had planned to buy a new car settle for a used one? Would this drive up prices?" Etc, etc.

And of course that's exactly what happened.


My truck, a 2015 Tacoma, is worth $4k less than what I bought it for 3 years ago. So totally normal depreciation in my case.


A tacoma is one of the few vehicles that don't depreciate. My 2017 Chevy colorado I just offloaded for 3k less than I paid essentially, that's crazy.


I wonder why their lease prices don’t reflect the low depreciation?


Because why would they when they can just not and make even more money.

It all makes sense when you realize that luxury car brand economics apply to pretty much every Toyota (other than arguably whatever their most subcompact hatch offering of the year is) because that's who their buyer demographics are.


A quick look has the three year lease residual values on a Tacoma in the 75-80% range. That's higher than other trucks in its class (such as the Chevy Colorado at like 64%). With seemingly similar money factors and sticker prices, that will absolutely reflect in a monthly lease payment.


Worth to whom? Have you listed it for sale? The market for used Tacomas and 4Runners is off the hook.


Someone left a post it note on my friends 2002 4Runner with their phone number in case my friend wanted to sell it. In northeast USA, after 20 years of salted winter roads.


Especially 3rd gen 4Runners. Source: bought a 3rd gen 10 years ago, now has 250k miles and the value has more than doubled. $6k -> $15k.


Carvana. Do you think it'd be much different if I tried listing it on Craigslist?


I entertained the idea of selling my '16 Mazda6 during all this madness so I filled out the online appraisal forms for Carvana, CarMax and Vroom. CarMax's offer was the highest - more than I paid for the car in 2018. Carvana and Vroom's offers were a bit lower. If you get serious about selling, you should obviously get multiple offers.


Interedasting. I just tried Carmax, Vroom, and KBB. Carmax gave $16k (so about what I originally paid), Vroom gave $12k about the same as Carvana. KBB said it was worth $17k.


Besides the advice in the other response, doing a search for your model across different websites should give you an idea of what they're listing for.


Very much yes. Tacos have a cult following and were somewhat tough to get decently optioned models of even pre-pandemic. I would not be surprised in the _least_ if it's really worth more than you paid.


Are you accounting for inflation?


anecdotally; the lower end of the car market doesn't really seem affected. prices for 10+ year old cars that aren't "nice" but are easily reliable with regular maintenance still seem widely available and cheap.

tangentially; I have always seen the premium for a nice car to be a really low value at normal income levels.


Widely available and cheap doesn’t equate to ‘as cheap as last year’.

I bought a fairly well used 2006 Honda in Jan of 2020 for $5k. After denting the rear fender badly and putting 20k miles on it, it’s worth $7-8k.

A vehicle like that has never appreciated like that. Cash for Clunkers had an impact on availability of $1000 beaters, but nothing like what we’re seeing now.


I used to be able to pick up decent cars (something that needs a little work but runs and drives) for like $500-1000 all day long. Those days are gone. If it runs and drives, you're lucky to get it under $1500-2000.


I'm trying to get rid of a 2007 Civic as I'm moving, and can't really seem to get a very good price for it anywhere...


I bought a new car in 2019 and it has about 10,000 miles on it. I could sell it for what I paid for it, which is completely absurd. If I knew I’d be able to buy another car in ~6 months, I’d sell it in a second. But the auto industry backlog is looking more like 12-18 months to me.


These are micro-optimizations that aren't very meaningful.

It's more important to simply just have a car, than it is to have a car for a very specific price.

It's the same reason why people would pay $12 at an airport for what they could get in bulk for $0.50


I bought my car, a 2015 Toyota Rav4, in 2017 for 18.5k It is now has a resale value of 20.6k.


I just priced out my minivan -- only down 20% since I bought it 4.5 years ago. Crazytown.


I sold my car to Carvana after buying it used 3 years later for $700 less than I had bought it for, and that was months ago.


What is a good strategy then if one expects to need to buy a vehicle in the next 6mo?


I feel like my Lexus is300 has actually appreciated the least out of all the vehicles I’ve looked at. So there’s that :(


Make sure it really is a need and not just a want.


Buy a new one


Why wouldn't they have similar markup due to the same forces?


No one has mentioned that people don't want to take public transport because of pandemic risk. Public transport ridership is down by a lot and hasn't recovered.


I found the key to getting a new car is being flexible with the make and model. I found a few males that had a nearly reasonable level of inventory. They still wouldn’t negotiate price but at least I got a vehicle.


Used car prices have doubled, yet the “official” inflation figure is only 6%?


What percentage of your personal monthly budget gets spent buying a used car?

That is, not in servicing loan payments, but actually buying cars.

Inflation is weighted for this reason.


It’s probably the number 2 most expensive monthly payment the average person has beyond a mortgage. What’s your point?


“Not servicing loan payments, actually buying cars”.

The average family isn’t but a whole new (used, but new to them) car every month. The percentage of people actually buying cars right now is a small fraction of the population. For everyone else, the price they bought their car was set when they bought it, and inflation has no affect on their loan payments.


This isn't macroeconomic inflationary pressure, this is simply a shortage.


Are they different? Isn't macroeconomic inflationary pressure from widespread shortages?


The average selling price may have doubled, but this is affected by the mix of cars that get sold, as outlined in https://publish.manheim.com/en/services/consulting/used-vehi... - correcting for that says prices went up 38% Y/Y


It’s based on weighted numbers.


Who are you going to believe, your wallet or a government stat laundered by bureaucrats who want it to be as low as possible?


The real problem will be when supply normalizes, used cars return to their sub-20k wholesale price, and a bunch of people are underwater on bad loans for (once again) depreciating assets.

Have fun with that everyone!


Presumably, people know about this possibility, and it's reflected in prices already?

For many people a car is a productive asset. As in, they need it to do their jobs. Even if it's just to commute to work.

So 'overpaying' for a car now might still be the right thing to do, even if you know full well that it's gonna lose a lot of value in a year or less.


I wonder what gap insurance is like these days. I can't imagine that it hasn't gone up in price significantly.


Probably the opposite. If the car is worth more than you owe you shouldn’t need gap insurance.


You're thinking too short-term.

If you accept the thesis we're in a bubble that will deflate, soon cars will be worth even less than they were during the run-up, so the difference will go from positive to deeply negative in a hurry.


Anyone have more details on specifically what these chips are and what they are used for in the "modern" automobile.


Pretty much everything. Every electronic system in your car pretty much has its own small brain. Different manufacturers are missing different chips and hence being affected differently. For some it's their seat adjustment system, for some its fuel management, for others its touch screens.


I explored trading in my car a couple months ago and got lowballed by the dealership. I wonder if it's time to try again.


If you have another car you can use then it's a good deal. The problem now is any profits made from selling your car will be eaten up by the inflated price whichever car you are trying to buy.


I don't have another car, but I have a flexible remote work arrangement, so I might be able to float a few months without one, if trading my 2017 for a 2021 makes sense financially (i.e. if the increase in the value of my used car offsets enough of the purchase price of a new car to make it worth it).


Time to ditch cars and switch to e-bikes...


Prices of e-bikes have been shooting up as well. I bought mine for £2100 four years ago, the current equivalent is now £3000.


Might their be some need to legislate chip allocation?

What would sink GDP more: one year of no new cars, or one year of no new phones? Which would have the greater domino effect on the economy?

Because auto manufacturers are such low margin, they can't buy chips reserved by monopoly businesses. But what happens when people can't afford a new phone because they can't get to work?


I'm not sure that would help at all; the issue isn't that Apple used up all the capacity, it's that the auto makers scaled down a process that needs months to scale up.


If you wanted to stick a knife in this already reeling economy, centralized planning of chip allocation would be an excellent way to finish it off.


Is this across all makes and models?




Guidelines | FAQ | Lists | API | Security | Legal | Apply to YC | Contact

Search: