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Hydrogen becomes significantly more efficient as you scale the tank. Don’t forget many rockets use Hydrogen over Jet-A and they really care about weight.



Rockets use liquid hydrogen, which is a pain to work with, but not too bad if you can fuel up and launch relatively quickly before too much boils off. The real reason rockets use hydrogen is because Hydrogen and Oxygen gives the highest specific impulse of any chemical rocket. You really don't care about specific impulse in a jet aircraft, and you really don't want the fuel boiling off before the end of your 12-hour flight.

Also, if you're thinking of pressurized gaseous hydrogen instead of liquid hydrogen, then the tanks get really heavy because high pressure tanks don't scale well (unlike low pressure liquid tanks which do). Hoop stress is proportional to diameter, which means tank wall thickness needs to grow with diameter too. https://www.engineersedge.com/material_science/hoop-stress.h...


Boiling off is a function of surface area which means it scales really well with volume. Rockets have issues because they don’t want to bleed off hydrogen on a launch pad or use significant insulation, but aircraft can just feet that to the APU or engines in flight. You will want to drain hydrogen for maintenance etc, but that’s not a significant issue.


Some rockets, and generally on lower-thrust high efficiency upper stages. Hydrogen has a low energy density in terms of volume. It requires larger tanks and so is rarely used to get off the pad.


The rockets that use it in the first stage all get most of their initial thrust from solid strap on boosters too.


The Delta IV heavy uses hydrogen/oxygen exclusively, without any solid boosters:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy

It is a very expensive vehicle though.


RP1 is effectively a purer version of Jet-A, and is a very common propellant. I'd say it's more popular than hydrogen, but I'm not sure I can back that statement up. It's what fuels the Falcon 9 lower and upper stages.




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