If I understand correctly, this is quite different, as such IOLs offer no accommodation, but only different areas with varied optical powers, which isn't as convenient (ever seen an elderly man trying to read a menu hanged on the wall?).
You're right. I was thinking of accommodation (I remember reading someones anecdote about having one installed) but didn't remember well enough or check carefully enough.
The abstract from 2) : "Stem cell therapy holds the promise to treat degenerative diseases, cancer and repair of damaged tissues for which there are currently no or limited therapeutic options. The potential of stem cell therapies has long been recognised and the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has boosted the stem cell field leading to increasing development and scientific knowledge. Despite the clinical potential of stem cell based medicinal products there are also potential and unanticipated risks. These risks deserve a thorough discussion within the perspective of current scientific knowledge and experience. Evaluation of potential risks should be a prerequisite step before clinical use of stem cell based medicinal products.
The risk profile of stem cell based medicinal products depends on many risk factors, which include the type of stem cells, their differentiation status and proliferation capacity, the route of administration, the intended location, in vitro culture and/or other manipulation steps, irreversibility of treatment, need/possibility for concurrent tissue regeneration in case of irreversible tissue loss, and long-term survival of engrafted cells. Together these factors determine the risk profile associated with a stem cell based medicinal product. The identified risks (i.e. risks identified in clinical experience) or potential/theoretical risks (i.e. risks observed in animal studies) include tumour formation, unwanted immune responses and the transmission of adventitious agents.
Currently, there is no clinical experience with pluripotent stem cells (i.e. embryonal stem cells and iPSC). Based on their characteristics of unlimited self-renewal and high proliferation rate the risks associated with a product containing these cells (e.g. risk on tumour formation) are considered high, if not perceived to be unacceptable. In contrast, the vast majority of small-sized clinical trials conducted with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) in regenerative medicine applications has not reported major health concerns, suggesting that MSC therapies could be relatively safe. However, in some clinical trials serious adverse events have been reported, which emphasizes the need for additional knowledge, particularly with regard to biological mechanisms and long term safety."
This was the third post of the story within 24 hours. One story almost past the tipping point. HN readers in Europe or Asia must have propelled this one. Wish we could do more analytics on stories posted here.
We've been growing skin (from somatic skin cells) in dishes for years. Organovo's 3-D printed kidneys (made from somatic kidney cells) are from last April, although there had been earlier attempts, and 3-D printed kidneys have been implanted into living patients now. 3-D printed bones are from 2010, because it's adequate to print a mineral "skeleton" that living cells then colonize after implantation.
Probably several years. They've only had a small scale human trial of 12 patients so far, and a larger scale human trial is likely to take some time to organize, then of course the post-trial monitoring for possible side effects will need to continue for some time, probably 24-36 months.
Everyone hopes of course that these patients will enjoy permanently repaired vision, but there's no way to know for a long time. Also, stem cells have an unfortunate tendency to turn into cancer. The field is really still in its infancy, but the potential is enormous.
