What is the best way to deal with skeptics of generally accepted ideas?
As a thought experiment, I'm going to throw out the worst possible analogy I can think of: How should historians deal with holocaust revisionism?
Is it better to censor, criminalize, and ignore the deniers, or should their claims be refuted with discussion and evidence (if available)? Ken McVay and the Nizkor Project has been doing this with holocaust revisionism since the USENET heyday of the 1990s. Refutation of claims from revisionist texts is openly presented by Nizkor.
Open dialague hasn't proven to be horribly effective, but marginalization and not responding openly to skeptical claims is certainly less effective. Humans are social animals. We need to interact and talk, even if it sometimes seems the guys on the other side of the fence are the bad ones.
> What is the best way to deal with skeptics of generally accepted ideas?
As a creator of a "NoSQL" database (CouchDB), I think I understand the skeptics that climate researchers must deal with, and how it's difficult. In our case, there are a great deal of skeptics who deny there are any advantages to something that isn't SQL. No amount of arguing can convince them otherwise.
So I don't argue with them, it' a waste of my time. That's not to say it's a waste of time, but it's a waste of my time. I continue to work on the project, make it better, grow the user base, etc. But I don't engage the skeptics, I let the code and real successes stand on it's own, and others can argue in it's defense if they are so inclined (and many are).
Anyway, for climatologists, the easiest way to deal with the skeptics is make as much data and methodology as possible public and easily accessible. Skeptics will still argue against it, but others will take up the fight of arguing for it. If it's possible that people will argue passionately about a new style of database, it stands to reason there's a whole army of people ready to take up the fight of supporting your data, methodologies and conclusions when it involves the entire Earth's climate.
And if the skeptics finds something in your research people can't defend, maybe your data or methods are flawed and need improvement. That's a good thing regardless if it came from skeptics or supporters.
Effective towards what goal? Finding the truth or making sure that everyone agrees on the same generally accepted ideas?
AGW is not generally accepted by all scientists. Judging from the leaked documents some of the scientists have to do very un-scientific things like manipulation of, deleting and hiding data.
Criminalizing dissenting points of view sounds like a horrible idea.
The problem is that making every single conclusion open for debate (while good in theory of course) lacks a mechanism for the crackpot problem.
Is it a good use of your time to argue with people who believe in astrology? How do you draw the line between a crackpot or idiot, and a serious dissenter?
One reason why holocaust revisionism is so popular is because of laws. With laws in Germany and Canada that forbade even questioning the number of people that was killed, one begins to wonder if that debate ever happened. The question comes up: "What are they trying to hide with laws?".
I personally think that Holocaust happened - but I am not so convinced that the "official" number is accurate.
The best antidote for any skepticism is clear and open debate.
The quoted scientist is simply wrong. Openness with one's data is a good scientific approach, but it will not in any way reduce or minimize the faith-based attacks of the climate change deniers. (Rather, they'll be heartened because you took an action in response to their attacks.) Those attacks are not coming because Joe Redneck in the Bible Belt undertook a scientific inquiry into climate change and felt that the data wasn't open enough. You could hand-deliver 4000 pages of climate change datasets personally to the house of each and every person who said they don't believe in climate change; not one of them would change their mind.
If you don't understand the actual reasons that the deniers exist, which have absolutely nothing to do with your approach to the science, then you haven't got a hope of actually dealing with them.
Of course it doesn't really help your case when you deliberately obfuscate and hide data - not to mention hide the fact that you can't even replicate your own models.
Let's acknowledge that there will always be some minority view that will always be in direct opposition to whatever science there is. You cannot possibly think that hiding, claiming monopoly and even deleting original data sets helps any cause. Since when did the science go from attempting to discern an objective truth to advocacy?
It seems like the defense of the leaked emails essentially comes down to this: the data would be manipulated by evildoers therefore the only people who can be trusted to interpret and even hold the data are some select group of scientists. Oh and by the way, if you disagree with any of our interpretations we'll label you a "denier" and try to destroy you whether you're a scientist or a scientific journal. Sounds like religion more than science.
Since when did the science go from attempting to discern an objective truth to advocacy?
Advocacy of what? Shouldn't it be the duty of a scientist to be an advocate for better understanding of objective truth? Do you really think researchers should allow misuse of science to go unopposed?
What the researchers in this case are guilty of is not advocacy of a position, they're guilty of reckless disregard for scientific integrity. This is the case even if their position is correct.
the data would be manipulated by evildoers therefore the only people who can be trusted to interpret and even hold the data are some select group of scientists.
Well, it would be manipulated by "evildoers". There's no shortage of unscrupulous individuals seeking political gain on both sides of the climate debate. And chances are, the number of people outside their field of study who could correctly interpret the data is vanishingly small.
But it's still not an acceptable excuse.
The practical endeavor of science relies heavily on researchers acting in good faith, and on deferring to authorities in other fields, as no one has time to go back and personally recheck everyone else's conclusions. "Because the experts say so" is, generally speaking, a perfectly valid reason to accept a scientific conclusion--which is why even the appearance of impropriety is grossly damaging. It undermines the foundation of trust that the whole system is built on.
The practical endeavor of science relies heavily on researchers acting in good faith, and on deferring to authorities in other fields, as no one has time to go back and personally recheck everyone else's conclusions.
Although scientific progress relies on someone with integrity checking the methodology and results - peer review and verification of experimental results. The conclusions are the basis of the hypotheses on which the future experiments rest and so are tested by those experiments.
Climate is a chaotic system, non-Newtonian, we don't really know what's going to happen until it does. We have an idea of arching trends but the rationale of greenhouse effects leading to a mini ice-age (say) seems a priori consistent as an outsider.
"Because the experts say so" is, generally speaking, a perfectly valid reason to accept a scientific conclusion--which is why even the appearance of impropriety is grossly damaging.
Depends on what you have riding on the conclusions. In any field there are usually different factions of experts and you should consider all positions. If all experts agree (!) then assuming that position is probably not going to materially affect you even if they are not exactly on the right path. Often it takes outsiders to shake up a field.
Personally I'm with "House", assume everyone is lying (or at least wrong) and you're usually right.
Peer review and such is more of a quick sanity check than anything else--in principle it's about verifying soundness, in practice it's more a quick and dirty filter to remove absolute rubbish. It'd be nice if things were more rigorous, but there are systematic limitations--e.g., triple checking someone else's work and not finding any problems does not advance one's scientific career. It tends to work out well enough most of the time, though.
In any field there are usually different factions of experts and you should consider all positions. If all experts agree (!) then assuming that position is probably not going to materially affect you even if they are not exactly on the right path.
Really? I can't actually think of any scientific fields with significant factional divides. Disagreements over trivia, perhaps (such as quantum mechanical interpretations), but nothing major. Disputes over major issues in science tend to be worked out pretty quickly, rarely persisting as stable factions. And yes, on the current topic, experts in climatology do pretty consistently agree on the science (proposed political "solutions" are another matter entirely...). What did you have in mind?
Factional wars may crop up around the fringes in fields that are only partially scientific, but it's typically parts of the field that are especially difficult to study scientifically that the factions split over.
Often it takes outsiders to shake up a field.
Often? Really? Do you have any examples? The only significant shakeups in science that I can think of were started by people trained and acknowledged in the field (though typically young, obscure researchers, not famous and influential scientists).
Personally I'm with "House", assume everyone is lying (or at least wrong) and you're usually right.
In matters of science, everyone is wrong, but some are less wrong than others.
Your screed is a tad repulsive, and does little to advance your argument.
I wasn't aware that because I don't buy into the AGW religion that I was a Joe Redneck from the Bible Belt.
I guess I will have to go to the local Philly area DMV to get the address on my driver's license change, will have to choose a state that is south of the Mason-Dixon line ... is South Carolina OK with you, or should I choose Georgia?
And on Monday I will stop in at the local Ford dealership and trade in my Toyota for an F150.
Your own screed doesn't do you much credit, either. Like it or not, most people who argue about climate change, evolutionary theory and other accepted-by-the-huge-majority-of-scientists-but-still-"debated" issues will never, ever consider actually sitting down and going through the evidence. And most of those people are, like it or not, rural and/or southern white Republicans with strong religious beliefs.
So, much as you'd apparently like to get your dander up, you've presented yourself as nothing more than an anecdote, and tried to imply that we should generalize from your case to the general case, a generalization not supported by the actual facts.
Please quote your source for your assertion stated as fact that "most people who argue about climate change ... are rural and/or southern white Republicans with strong religious beliefs" .
Well, for views on climate change by political affiliation in the USA: http://people-press.org/report/?pageid=1550 For choices of "human-caused warming", "warming for natural reasons", and "not warming", opinions are split 30%/43%/24% for Republicans, 64%/29%/4% for Democrats, and 49%/38%/9% for independents.
Assuming that party identification is roughly equally split three ways, that means that if all you know about a person is that they think the planet isn't getting warmer, you have 2-to-1 odds of that person being a Republican. Not a sure thing, but probably qualifies as "most". If you really need a source for people in rural areas and southern states, white people, and strongly religious people being disproportionately Republican I could probably find one, but c'mon.
So, sure, he was probably overgeneralizing a bit but the statistical tendency is there and not exactly subtle. I'm sorry if you're offended by demographics, but that's the way things are.
Outside the USA, of course, I doubt views on climate change correlate much at all with membership in US political parties, but I don't think that's what you meant.
Of course, the most visible educated critic happens to be an urban Canadian liberal who favored Obama in the last US election.
The Republican/Democrat thing is just more stupid tribalism. It doesn't matter how good of an idea a Republican has, you'll never see an urban educated middle-class young person agreeing with them on the merits because the idea is from the wrong tribe.
So, I'm not really sure what you're trying to prove, other than to whip up tribal sentiments in favor of the misbehaving scientists (silicon valley is VERY blue country).
Okay. Yes? The statistics I mentioned basically support your point about tribalism, which I happen to agree with.
Pointing out a prominent exception doesn't really disprove the demographics involved; if you know a person has a characteristic of one tribe you can usually confidently guess that they're substantially more likely to share other, apparently unrelated characteristics of that tribe, precisely because many people take political positions as a way to announce group identity, not because they've actually thought things through in any rational manner.
I've no particular interest in defending the scientists involved in this nonsense (even under the most charitable interpretation of events, they've embarrassed themselves and their colleagues and undermined the credibility of their field) and I don't really like or identify with any of the popular political tribes. I just thought the person I replied to was being silly for apparently denying that the political tribe he seems to belong to has certain demographic tendencies.
I'm a young urban atheist middle-class student in a graduate degree program who happens to be skeptical of the way the anthropogenic global warming hypothesis is presented to the public. Pointing out that most of my peer group is not skeptical and trying to link me with rural anti-intellectual protestants are rhetorical bully tactics, not engaging the debate on its merits.
The way any science is presented to the public is rubbish, and most of the public wouldn't understand it anyway even if it was explained properly. Welcome to the way things are, I'm afraid.
And, frankly, I don't have the expertise to actually engage the debate on its merits, and neither do most people who take positions on the issue, so you'll have to forgive me if I assume most people with strong opinions on the matter have those opinions because of group identity.
But, try this: stop and look around at your real peer group, people whose opinions you respect, whose moral values you share, whose political perspectives you agree with. If you find that you and they have in common many beliefs about contentious issues of a factual nature... you might want to stop and think about why that might be the case.
You seem to have begun by asserting yourself as an exception and implying a generalization; please quote your source for suggesting that the majority of people who argue about climate change have conducted thorough and extensive research on the topic and come to their positions as a result of careful reasoning and weighing of evidence.
You could hand-deliver 4000 pages of climate change datasets personally to the house of each and every person who said they don't believe in climate change; not one of them would change their mind.
Stephen McIntyre, and those like him who consider it their duty to science to check whether the data and modelling really does support the story we're being told, can hardly be dismissed so blithely.
As a Christian that accepts climate change as fact, I will add that much of the resistance from the Bible belt comes from the misconception that climate change is necessarily a doomsday, end of the world event.
Christians obviously have their own distinct end times view. So if climate changers couch their arguments as "Pay attention or the human species will go extinct!" it's really a non-starter. If you really care to start a discussion, try instead: "Pay attention or the entire Eastern seaboard will be flooded in 2020!", or, better yet, what I say (as a Christian myself), "We are commanded to be good stewards of God's creation, which means not polluting/raping/short-term-thinking."
To be very specific, I think one major obstacle is that many Christians consider God's promise to never flood the Earth again (Genesis flood, Noah) as a guarantee that God will not allow a sea-level rise to wipe out a "significant" percentage of humankind. That's a misconception that's significant to the debate but rarely addressed by either side.
If you don't understand the actual reasons that the deniers exist, which have absolutely nothing to do with your approach to the science, then you haven't got a hope of actually dealing with them.
So what is the correct way of dealing with them? Insult them until they agree with you?
Merely being correct may be good enough in science and technology fields, but it's not going to get you very far with the public; at that point it's a problem of marketing and PR. Would you say that "appearing secretive and refusing to disclose data" is a good PR move?
How do you rank those of us who agree on climate change but disagree on the impact of humanity. And who think we should certainly do something to minimize our impact but that in the long term it's not something we can actually halt. It's worth considering very carefully wether we should try to stop it. Because there appears to be no researh into what part this warming plays in the cycle of the earth.
My point being your rank generalisations tip you foul of the religious belief you accuse others of. This is not a black White issue :-)
As a thought experiment, I'm going to throw out the worst possible analogy I can think of: How should historians deal with holocaust revisionism?
Is it better to censor, criminalize, and ignore the deniers, or should their claims be refuted with discussion and evidence (if available)? Ken McVay and the Nizkor Project has been doing this with holocaust revisionism since the USENET heyday of the 1990s. Refutation of claims from revisionist texts is openly presented by Nizkor.
Open dialague hasn't proven to be horribly effective, but marginalization and not responding openly to skeptical claims is certainly less effective. Humans are social animals. We need to interact and talk, even if it sometimes seems the guys on the other side of the fence are the bad ones.