Electron's / Atom Shell's homepage isn't doing a good job of explaining what it is (as someone who's unfamiliar with it). Is it a site-specific-browser implementation? It's certainly not a "shell" in the normal sense of the term.
>Electron is the cross-platform application shell we originally built for the Atom editor to handle the Chromium/Node.js event loop integration and native APIs.
Sounds pretty straightforward to me. They created APIs for Node.js to allow people to make cross-platform applications, such as Atom (a text editor).