On a veeeery quick skim I think it's a Bayesian generative model for deep learning architectures. I thought Zoubin Ghahramani's group already had done some similar work, but :shrug: it's not my field.
To clarify, it has been studied in Zoubin Ghahramani's group [1] (and also more recently in Ryan Adam's group [2]), and it's most widely known through Radford Neal [3] who's won a lot of competitions using the Bayesian approach to NNs.
