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How strong would a magnetic field have to be to kill you? (gravityandlevity.wordpress.com)
115 points by dilap on Jan 12, 2015 | hide | past | favorite | 51 comments



Radiologist/Biomedical Engineer here. I once did a review of the physiological effects of magnetic fields as was our current understanding in the last decade. in general, things that get altered with sufficiently large magnetic fields: - Cardiac electrical conductivity - Muscular electrical conductivity - Fibrin (protein necessary for clotting blood) meshes get distorted - There is DNA genotoxicity, and mutations start to appear - Diamagnetic effects start taking over (Most extreme demonstration I've seen so far is the levitating frogs and grasshoppers, which seem quite content afterwards, so no ill effects apparent)

Bottom line is that pretty much everything in our bodies that contains water can be affected by a sufficiently large static magnetic field. Some critical physiological processes may get disrupted way earlier than the atomic distortions cited in the article, so I believe much less than 100k Tesla would be needed to kill a person.


I think that you'd end up with neurological effects before the electrons were ripped out of atoms. I mean, our nervous system is effectively controlled ionic exchange.


Definitely. Furthermore, the effects of motion in that field could induce a lot of current and heating in a person. Some of the experimental super-high field strength MRI scanners are reportedly prone to zapping experimenters.


Here's a video of someone braver than myself experimenting with the effects of magnetism on his brain while he speaks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJtNPqCj-iA


First this is borderline mad, the shocks sound nasty, second it seems to me that more than speech is impacted, his whole face stutters.


This is awesome. Wonder if it could be possible to make military helms that would prevent solders from disobeying orders or for helping them stay calm and focused by shutting panic part of brain.


Yeah, the strength of field that would literally destroy molecules is a ridiculously loose upper bound.


For a practical example of this, see 'Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation':

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulati...


TMS uses magnetic fields that change with time while the linked article talks about the effect of static magnetic fields.


While this is true, the point was that weak magnetic fields have an effect on human cognition.


I think you would be killed by the diamagnetic properties of water first...

If you can affect water with a small magnet like this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FvWtEdY4sE

Then a magnetic field of sufficient power would probably kill you long before the effects described in the article. I'm amazed that someone other than me has thought about this!


Blood electrocution would get you first. Moving conductor in a magnetic field generates a current, and you'd just need a current big enough to confuse the cardiac nerves. Given that existing MRI research magnets can give weird nervous system feelings when patients wiggle, just an order of magnitude or two more and you'd get knocked out by your own circulating blood.


Don't most of the problems with nerve stimulation in existing MRI systems come from the gradient coils rapidly modulating the magnetic field, rather than people moving around?



The sci-fi book Blingsight by Peter Watts explores humanity's 1st encounter with an alien object that contains extremely powerful magnetic fields. Has all sorts of interesting consequences.


Off-topic, but Blindsight kicks ass on any number of levels. Scientifically plausible vampires! In space! And the only genuinely creepy aliens I think I've ever come across in fiction.


There's also "The Invincible" by Stanisław Lem.


I read that one. Not the greatest from a raw storytelling point of view, but one of the more interesting portrayals of what alien life might be like that I've read.


Has anyone looked at the effects not on particles, but on changes to reactivity in the presence of magnetic fields? You don't need to rip apart molecules to kill us. Make certain reactions a little more or less likely to occur and we stop functioning.

I have seen some discussion of how heavy water could be lethal if it were to replace all of a body's water based on its very slight differences in reactivity.


Something called Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation alters brain activity at about one Tesla (10,000x earth's field). TMS has been shown to induce euphoria, amnesia, and relieve depression. Unclear what stronger magnetic fields could do. A ten Tesla magnet can levitate a small animal.


I work in this sector, and what you say is correct, however it is important to note that in TMS the fields are pulsed over millisecond time intervals. In doing so they can induce an electric field which can cause neurons to fire. The time varience is crucial. A 3T static field from the magnet of an MR scanner is far less dangerous than a 1T field pulsed in the vicinity of your brain. That is providing that there aren't any ferromagnetic objects close to the MR scanner!


Radiologist here. We regularly image patients in 3T MRI scanners. As long as they don't have certain metal surgical implants, a pacemaker, or metallic foreign bodies, there is no problem.

Some institutions have research magnets up to 7T: http://www.healthcare.philips.com/main/products/mri/research...


My research institute has a 11.7T (for small animals).

Although I must say, using MRI, even such a powerful one, for research is not as useful or cool as you'd expect since it takes so long to do one scan.


> there is no problem

We are just beginning to investigative the post operative changes from anaesthesia in adults [1]. Can we be sure that there is no post MRI changes ?

While I'm not suggesting there is any cause for alarm I don't think we should dismiss the possibility out of hand.

[1] http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/hidden-dangers-of-...


tattoos can be a problem, right?


Yes, certain inks contain enough metal to cause significant tissue heating.



Relatively weak MFs could kill as an indirect result of the injury: http://mentalfloss.com/article/18405/mri-magnet-madness http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=544233

The effect depends on field signal characteristics (frequency, amplitude, wave shape), duration of exposure, genetics and metabolism. Some bacteria can be negatively affected even by 10 mT. In clinical trials people were "safely" exposed to up to 3 T.


Wouldn't iron in blood be affected well before this point though?


Bulk iron is ferromagnetic, but many iron-containing molecules are not. Haemoglobin is not ferromagnetic. http://www.revisemri.com/blog/2006/mri-blood-iron-attraction...


I'd heard that severe haemochromatosis could trigger a metal detector. Is that just an urban legend?


It is paramagnetic, depending on oxygenation, so maybe.


Not necessarily. Iron oxide is somewhat ferromagnetic but iron chloride is paramagnetic. So just having some iron atoms in something isn't enough to make it ferromagnetic.

http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/questions/question/28...


Indeed, even stainless steel isn't necessarily ferromagnetic, even though it's mostly iron.


Even very hot iron is not magnetic. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie_temperature )


Would you be mechanically compressed by the field before your atoms deform?


3 Tesla Magnetic field MRI's are now common and I have heard rumors of up to 7T machines in the works: http://www.healthdiagnostics.com/svc_hi_field.php


Interesting: ... "scientific research can provide some measure of confidence that short-term, acute exposures up to about 1-2 T [1000-2000 milliT] should be safe... However, it is not possible to determine whether there are any long-term health consequences even from exposure in the milliT range because, to date, there are no well-conducted epidemiological studies with sufficient power to be able to come to any conclusion on this, and there are no good long-term animal studies."

http://www1.mcw.edu/radiationoncology/ourdepartment/radiatio...


This actually a huge issue for space travel, all of the random electronics and possibly magnetic radiation shielding may be serious. http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/westover_rad...


I've always wondered what would happen if you got trapped in the Superconducting Super Collider.

Terminator 3 Particle Accelerator Scene

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKFnsFFdPh8


We do have an example of a synchrotron researcher who took a proton beam to his head. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoli_Bugorski

Surprisingly, he survived, with significant but not disabling neurological damage.


I think a lot of new technologies will emerge when we can routinely control very large magnetic fields. I just think the technological implications are largely unexplored.


What about semipermiatic structures such as the blood brain barrier? According to The Internet(tm), permeability in rat brains is affected by a mere 0.1T.


So I guess this means we are safe from Magneto :)


You mean this isn't possible? ;)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etPXBm0zRvM


Humor seems lost on this crowd... oh well


Upboating to save you from the humorless neo-Victorian nationalists that have dominated HackerNews.


earth is a very big magnatic field and it wont kill us. well i think we need a trillian times stronger magnatic field than earth to kill human.


Earth has a very big magnetic field, but not a very strong one.


It's big but it isn't all that strong at the surface of the planet.


I've wondered about this exact question for a while now.

If I were to become a lunatic dictator, this is how I would deal with dissidents. (Disclaimer: I have no intention of ever becoming a lunatic dictator!)




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