I think this is more about economic policy and less about government representation. It's hard to get more capitalistic cutthroat than the OS or high-end semiconductor industries.
And I'd imagine a majority of it is a consequence of the head start. If China had started development of both even in 1981, and sheltered their internal market from our product -- well, it probably would have turned out a lot like the Soviets, viz inability to maintain computational parity. But they would have something more complex.
Good luck developing an entire ecosystem now (ARM aside, but that's mostly due to Wintel's blindless on where mobile was going).
And I'd imagine a majority of it is a consequence of the head start. If China had started development of both even in 1981, and sheltered their internal market from our product -- well, it probably would have turned out a lot like the Soviets, viz inability to maintain computational parity. But they would have something more complex.
Good luck developing an entire ecosystem now (ARM aside, but that's mostly due to Wintel's blindless on where mobile was going).