You will probably learn more at Stanford or Caltech or MIT -- not that you won't get a great education at Princeton or Harvard, quite the opposite, but the real advantage of an Ivy League degree is the chance to network with the children of presidents and such.
Caltech or MIT, sure. I'm not as sure about Stanford though. Everyone I know at Stanford got in largely for legacy or athletics. While I have no doubt they'll be successful (based on their personalities and other intangibles) they're far from brilliant.
Additionally, as I wrote elsewhere on this thread, the networking benefits of an elite education primarily benefit those who had a good network in the first place. If you look at the type of student who lands a top finance or consulting job I'm sure you'll see the truth in this as well.
