It shouldn't be too hard with linux. LD_PRELOAD should be able to accomplish the same thing as DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES. Windows will probably be a little harder as lstat does not exist.
I enjoy programming in Haskell, and this was an opportunity to practice. I initially wrote it in Objective-C++, but I found a good trie implementation in Haskell. Eventually, I want to make the entire project Haskell.
Can't tell you how awesome this is (both the idea and implementation). I've actually had to turn off Dropbox recently since things like node_modules just kills my computer when Dropbox is indexing.
Looks like it injects the Dropbox executable's lstat and open syscalls