If the input (vision) is not corrected before it enters the eye then anything done afterwards, like at the neural level, would likely be similar to image post-processing filters in image editors.
By no means an expert in this area but I would think the best that could be done with this type of post processing would likely amount to applying a highly specialized "Find Edges"/"Sharpen" filter in Photoshop to a blurred photo (except at a really high resolution and at > 60 frames per second).
An interesting possibility with that kind of neural-level post-processing could be an on-demand digital-zoom effect so you could do a 2X-32X zoom on a faraway road sign or to "zoom in" to something really close at a macroscopic level (for surgeons/jewelers).
By no means an expert in this area but I would think the best that could be done with this type of post processing would likely amount to applying a highly specialized "Find Edges"/"Sharpen" filter in Photoshop to a blurred photo (except at a really high resolution and at > 60 frames per second).
An interesting possibility with that kind of neural-level post-processing could be an on-demand digital-zoom effect so you could do a 2X-32X zoom on a faraway road sign or to "zoom in" to something really close at a macroscopic level (for surgeons/jewelers).