You realize the income tax didn't exist about 100 years ago, right? The income tax is only a portion of the federal revenue.
The income tax also has a secondary effect to generating revenue: it implements control and enables targeted abuse of undesirables with a big dossier of filing mistakes.
companies are most certainly people; corporations are not. Don't like corporate taxes? Do business as a partnership.
Of course corporations should enjoy freedom of speech, etc (because to curtail those necessarily curtails some individual's freedom), but do they get to vote? No.