Can someone tell me what CyanogenMod does that my Stock 4.2 Android doesn't do? I had a quick look at the site, and the answer at the moment seems to be "Sound, Themes, and Settings" - none of which excite me enough to make it worth flattening my phone and reinstalling everything.
If you have an older phone that the vendor can't be bothered upgrading, if CM supports it then you get to install a supported version of Android with the latest security updates and bug fixes.
It also means you can install a close to stock version of Android without all the vendor additions. In the early days of Android, HTC Sense & Samsung's equivalent were probably necessary since the stock Android experience was pretty poor. Nowadays these vendor UI layers are relatively pointless: mostly they just make vendor updates to phones more expensive to implement and therefore less likely to occur. Vendors still like them because they believe they give them a way to differentiate their phones from everybody else's, but the vast majority of users simply don't care.
If you have a recent phone, or a Google phone that gets timely updates, then you probably don't care that much about CM. If you can afford to buy a new phone every year then you probably don't care very much about CM. That still leaves a big chunk of the population who can benefit from CM: an 8 million strong installed base is pretty impressive for an Android distribution that usually requires you to void the warranty on your phone.