If they're major producers of pharmaceuticals, like India, I don't see how you can. You'd have to engage in some really serious and smart economic warfare (or worse), and it would be hard to avoid stomping on other drugs. And it doesn't take all that much to produce many basic antibiotics, they are after all originally from molds. Lots are "semi-synthetic", modified from the base version to have different characteristics.

And the usual suspect would scream bloody murder ... it's a difficult question of more people dying today to prevent even more people dying tomorrow, something people are generally bad at dealing with until the 11th hour when its often too late.