"semitic" has this broader meaning, yes, but the specific term "antisemitism" is only used to refer to Jews, not to Arabs (or, for that matter, Amharic-speaking Ethiopians).
It also doesn't specifically refer to the State of Israel, but to Jews everywhere.
As a sibling commenter noted, Islamophobia is probably the common word used in US media for this concept. Islamism, by contrast, is typically used in the English-speaking world to refer specifically to the ideological movements that hold that Islam should be the basis of political systems (that is, establishing explicitly Islamic states; implementing Sharia as the basis of state legal systems; etc). So anti-Islamism, then, would carry a different meaning than Islamophobia or anti-Islamic or anti-Arab sentiment more generally.
"Islamophobia" is in fact a widely-used English word. (But it doesn't quite mean the same thing as "prejudice against Arabs", since "Muslims" and "Arabs" are different sets).
It also doesn't specifically refer to the State of Israel, but to Jews everywhere.