You're realistically only going to deploy a compiled script. The compiler supports goog.require/provide() without requiring any JS inputs, and core tools like closurebuilder.py (which has superseded calcdeps.py) build your dependency graph for you. The compiler uses the require/provide statements to ensure that all necessary symbols are indeed provided, and are only included once in the script.
For debugging purposes, `base.js' implements goog.require() in JavaScript. The implementation is naïve, it just turns foo.bar.Baz into foo/bar/Baz.js and tries to include it. This is good enough for running unit tests or fiddling around with experimental code, which are the two times you're going to use `base.js'.
Yes, my question is whether goog.require() executes on the client's computer (in production) or whether Closure strips out those calls when you pass a special flag (as part of your deploy build). I personally don't want dependency resolution to happen at runtime in production.