Have you tried WinForms? It’s a similar workflow to Delphi except I find C# a lot nicer to work with than Pascal. WPF is also good if you need a program that’s more flexible with being resized, but you have to do your layout in XML rather than drag and drop (although you do still get live updates of what your window will look like while you’re writing the XML).
It is not exactly the same, because even with all improvements taken out from Midori learnings, C# is not on the same C++ like league as Delphi happens to be.
So with VCL/FireMonkey, you get all the RAD like tooling that VB/Delphi are famous for, full AOT, and low level systems programming capabilities, including inline Assembly.