This analysis framework you're providing would've missed YouTube (pre-revenue; no incumbent successes; crowded with competitors like Google Video, Metacafe, Vimeo, etc). It would've missed Instagram (pre-revenue; no massive photo-focused incumbents; tons of competing photo sharing apps in the App Store at the time; no moat against a big social app adding filters). It probably. would've missed WhatsApp. And many others.
Which suggests that your framework is lacking.
Here's where:
1. You're neglecting to look at the differences between the fast-rising stars and the comparable incumbents, and instead you're assuming that the incumbents automatically represent a ceiling. In this particular case, JetBrains obviously isn't the most ambitious company on the planet, and isn't focused on hyper growth. There are plenty of avenues for AI IDEs to grow and expand their revenue that have yet to be explored.
2. You're overestimating the importance of concrete moats. Google had no concrete moat either. Just because people can switch easily doesn't mean they necessarily will.
3. These companies aren't pre-revenue. I believe JetBrains is making something like $400-$500 million dollars a year, after 25 years. Cursor is at half of that in just 2 years. Windsurf is also doing big numbers.
4. Related to #3, you're underestimating growth trajectories.
5. You're leaving out the context. Companies that can afford to make $3B acquisitions (a) have tremendous war chests, and (b) have extremely ambitious goals. They're not looking to build the next JetBrains, they're looking to join the pantheon of $1T companies. Achieving massive 10x or 100x or 1000x growth as an investor/owner requires making asymmetrical bets -- bets where if you lose you're still okay, but if you win, you win big.
Which suggests that your framework is lacking.
Here's where:
1. You're neglecting to look at the differences between the fast-rising stars and the comparable incumbents, and instead you're assuming that the incumbents automatically represent a ceiling. In this particular case, JetBrains obviously isn't the most ambitious company on the planet, and isn't focused on hyper growth. There are plenty of avenues for AI IDEs to grow and expand their revenue that have yet to be explored.
2. You're overestimating the importance of concrete moats. Google had no concrete moat either. Just because people can switch easily doesn't mean they necessarily will.
3. These companies aren't pre-revenue. I believe JetBrains is making something like $400-$500 million dollars a year, after 25 years. Cursor is at half of that in just 2 years. Windsurf is also doing big numbers.
4. Related to #3, you're underestimating growth trajectories.
5. You're leaving out the context. Companies that can afford to make $3B acquisitions (a) have tremendous war chests, and (b) have extremely ambitious goals. They're not looking to build the next JetBrains, they're looking to join the pantheon of $1T companies. Achieving massive 10x or 100x or 1000x growth as an investor/owner requires making asymmetrical bets -- bets where if you lose you're still okay, but if you win, you win big.