I once had a job where my job title was officially “Team Leader”, and my job spec was both to do development work and manage a team of 2-3 people doing the same work. (Except my team never existed, because they were all vacant positions and the salary budget I’d been given was too low to actually hire anyone, and then I resigned.) But, in that org, you could manage people without being classified as a “manager”. Whereas everywhere I’ve worked since has had this hard rule, if you have reports you must be a “manager” (or director or VP or whatever), no equivalent concept of “team leader” (although conversely you can be a “non-people manager” who has the word “manager” in your job title but no reports-common for product managers, project managers, etc). But I’ve observed first line managers often de facto act as “team leaders” anyway (actually doing hands-on technical work), but as you go up the hierarchy it gets less common-although exactly where it tapers out is determined more by the individual than the title or management level