In the recommended application circuit for a PCM5242RHB DA with a TPA6120A2 headphone amp, I already count 22 decoupling caps. Adding a STM32F446 CPU adds another 21 decoupling caps.
So if I was following the advice in the article, that would be 43uF of total capacitance just for a small CPU and headphone sound output. At about 10uF at 5V, you're running into issues with the USB spec. (When not using power delivery negotiation, which necessitates additional components and beefy MOSFETs)
So while the article mentions that too much capacitance can be an issue, following the advice in the article will pretty much make sure you run into exactly that issue.
But such a board likely would have a buck converter between the USB 5V input and those components and their capacitors. Just use a buck with soft start and that can effectively hide the bulk capacitance from an inrush perspective, no? Then you only count inrush for what’s in front of the buck, which won’t be nothing but can be easily controlled and designed to meet the inrush spec.
Plenty of designs are going to not use a traditional buck converter and instead use something cheap and easy like the AMS1117-33 to just linear-regulate their way to "it works good enough" for everything under 1A.
These days switching regulator have gotten so cheap that I'm surprised someone would use a linear regulator instead. You'd probably spend more handling the extra heat than you'd save on a better regulator.
Modern USB requires you obey the 150 mA limit before enumeration. You are supposed to be switching power to the rest of the device that needs to exceed that limit.
So if I was following the advice in the article, that would be 43uF of total capacitance just for a small CPU and headphone sound output. At about 10uF at 5V, you're running into issues with the USB spec. (When not using power delivery negotiation, which necessitates additional components and beefy MOSFETs)
So while the article mentions that too much capacitance can be an issue, following the advice in the article will pretty much make sure you run into exactly that issue.