> That really isn't true these days. The dynamical cores and physics packages in numerical weather prediction models and general circulation models have more-or-less converged over the past two decades.
Ah, well, I did stop studying GCMs about 20 years ago so perhaps I should shut up and let other people post. I appreciate the detail in your explanation here, and I wouldn’t mind a link to papers explaining the current state of the art.
I'm not sure I can point you to a single reference, but a good starting point would be the UK Met Office's "Unified Model", which provides a framework for configuring model simulations that scale from sub-mesoscale rapid refresh (e.g. the UKV system) to traditional global modeling (e.g. MOGREPS) and beyond into climate (latest versions of the Hadley Centre models, which I think the current production version is HadGEM3).
Ah, well, I did stop studying GCMs about 20 years ago so perhaps I should shut up and let other people post. I appreciate the detail in your explanation here, and I wouldn’t mind a link to papers explaining the current state of the art.