No, but they'll ask for (and actually follow up on) references from their fellow surgeons, and check that they've passed their board exams, and that they're licensed in the state, and that they haven't had huge malpractice claims, and otherwise verify that the person is, in fact, actually a neurosurgeon who does neurosurgeon things in a hospital and is acceptably good at it.

It's not a perfect system, but it's a lot harder to fake being an experienced doctor than it is an experienced developer.