This is common across East Africa, including Kenya where I’m from. The night ends at 6:00AM, with 7:00AM being saa moja (first hour) of the day. Similarly, the day ends at 6:00PM (thenashara). Intuitively, this clock makes much more sense than the English clock. There’s rarely confusion between times because it’s embedded in the language.
What time is displayed on your phone when you are in Kenya? Is there a setting to make it display the commonly used time rather than the official time? I'm going to Kenya next year and I'm excited to see how my phone behaves.
Since it's pretty much on the Equator it makes a lot of sense to keep time like that -- days and nights have the same duration all year long. Such a system doesn't make sense for places that have wide variations between seasons, unless you also alter the length of the hours to match (which I think was done at some point somewhere in Europe, but I can't find any references)
Even on the equator, sunrise and sunset times will vary by +/-15 minutes, because solar days are not of equal length. But yeah, close enough for imprecise use.
This is indeed a more logical clock, as it follows the natural cycle of activity. Equally, calendars that put the end of the year at the time after harvest ("autumn"), or at the start of agricultural work ("spring") are also more logical.
Positioning the beginning of a new day at noon, and a new year t a solstice, is just a technical convenience, because these are easy to detect with very simple astronomy tools.
Only if everyone is a peasant farmer with the same crops in the same place. My activities are barely related to the height of the sun in the sky, and like the other residents of my city I don't take a ton of notice of harvest time. Bus timetables and cultural festivals are a much bigger deal (of which one in particular is indeed historically related to a harvest).
My first thought as well as a swede. And coincidentally one of the things my old Kenyan classmate found the most strange about Sweden was the fact that the length of day was not even close to constant. That and when I explained to him that the sun being up doesn’t necessarily mean warmer weather, in the winter it’s practically takes the temperature further from zero as sun means no warming clouds…
What makes it more logical? The wheel turns all the same no matter where you mark the beginning. In the Northern hemisphere, there's actually something nice about starting the year in the dead of winter: it feels like the year is born in the spring and then dies away the following winter, not unlike a lifetime.
The whole lives of the societies which have actually invented these calendars were built around the vegetation cycle, which ruled pastures, fields, and orchards. So the yearly cycles of food availability, work, seasonal migrations, and the correlated weather pattern changes were all reasonably aligned with the start / end of the year.
Peoples as diverse as Celts, Romans, Slavs, Babylonians, Hindus, and various peoples in China all used a variety of a calendar where the yearly changes were aligned around modern October-November and modern March-April.
A calendar with the year starting in January and with astronomically (more) precise years was promulgated by Julius Caesar in -46. (I suspect the introduction of the concepts of Babylonian astrology to Rome a century before may have played a role in the desire to align the calendar to stars and not to earthly affairs.)
If you DO start in March, your days/month fall into a neat little pattern:
Mar 31 - Aug 31 - Jan 31
Apr 30 - Sep 30 - Feb 28/29
May 31 - Oct 31
Jun 30 - Nov 30
Jul 31 - Dec 31
That highlights a few interesting cycles you can use to calculate dates from a simple count of days from the start of the year:
153 days every 5 months
61 days every 2
31 days per month
An "early reset" occurs every second month, jumping to the next 2-month cycle after the second day 30. Another occurs after every fifth month, jumping into a new 2-month cycle halfway through the last one of the 5-month. And of course, end of the year breaks the third "5-month" cycle WAY early, just before even its first 2-month is finished.
I won't try to detail the process of generating dates from this here, but I'm sure most of us here can work it out with just a little effort. Instead, here's a couple more fun facts to consider:
If you DO start the calendar from March, counting it as month 1, September (7) through December (10) map rather nicely to their own numeric positions. That seems a pretty strong hint, to me.
And I REALLY love this one:
The Gregorian cycle consists of four centuries. The first three are 36,524 days each: 100 years x 365 days + 24 days for the leap years. The hundredth year (ending in 00) is NOT considered a leap year, EXCEPT for every FOURTH hundredth. So that's 4 centuries * 36,524 days = 146,096, plus 1 more for the leap century, for 146,097.
That number is EXACTLY divisible by 7, which means the week cycle repeats WITH the Gregorian one. Good thing! Otherwise, we'd have to wait 2800 years!
- months are counted as 3, 4, 5, ..., 14, with 13 and 14 being January and February of the following year
- the contribution of the month to the day of the week is floor(2.6 * (m+1)) - the 2.6 comes from the 13 "extra" days (over the approximation 1 month = 4 weeks) in every 5 months.
March was the beginning of the year not all that long ago.
That's why there frequent confusion about George Washington's birthday, along with other historical dates of that era: The New Year started in March when he was born, but changed to January during his lifetime (The British Empire switched in 1752). So being born in February, there's an ambiguity about the year, unless you specify which calendar you mean:
"George Washington was born on February 22, 1732, according to the Gregorian calendar. However, when he was born, the Julian calendar was in use, which would have placed his birth on February 11, 1731."
The year "dies" on the longest, darkest nights. (Dec 21, technically). We mourn its passing and celebrate it's life with drinks. I'm guessing there was in antiquity, a whole bunch of dreadful and exciting parties in the last 10 days around the longest nights.
January 1 is so close to December 25 (when Jesus is believed to have been born) so if we wanted to count years since that -- and call it AD for "Anno Domini" (the Year of Our Lord) -- we could declare the year to begin on January 1st.
January 1st became the start of the year about half a century before Jesus was born.
25 of December is close to the winter solstice (around 22nd), and I suspect it was ascribed to that day for astrological reasons; there are a few other astrological clues around that episode, most prominently, the Bethlehem Star.
A lot of people believe a lot of things. I wonder why you don't believe that people believe this.
Now whether you yourself believe he was born then, another time or ever existed at all etc is another story.
I believe for example that everyone can believe whatever they want about those things as long as:
They leave me alone when I tell them I don't believe that and I don't want to be convinced
They don't try to kill me, enslave me, etc for being an infidel (yes that includes the Christian holy wars sort of thing but also current events)
To restate more precisely: It is well-established that December 25 is a highly unlikely date for the birth of Jesus.
Children and people who have only a superficial knowledge of Christianity might very well believe otherwise. But they are poorly-informed.
Arguments against include:
a) Calendar dates are generally fuzzy from that period, particularly for events that are not formally documented. So the likelihood of anyone ever having known the correct date is very low.
b) The mythology around the birth does not match the seasonal expectations for late December (more likely springtime).
c) Dec 25 was chosen in 336 AD, by church decree. Prior to that, there was no holiday nor even a strong claim of any specific date.
d) Dec 25 was already a festival day for pagan celebrations of Saturn (Rome) and Mithra (Persia), which was likely a factor in the choice of date, to coincide with existing customs.
There are no substantial arguments in favor of December 25 being the accurate birth date of Jesus.
I don't think anyone is arguing that December 25 is the birth date of Jesus (assuming he existed), the argument is just that there are people who believe it is. You seem to think only children and people who don't know much about Christianity would believe that, but I assure you there are lots of Christian adults who don't know the history you (correctly) laid out.
when in fact, yes, people do actually believe this.
When this is pointed out, he explains why it can't be Dec 25th and that's all totally fine and correct but doesn't change the fact that yes indeed there are people that believe that, as well as lots of other things that can easily be disproved. It does not matter whether you can disprove it to us and others. These people that do believe it are in fact out there.
Of course, and -- if you were Roman, for instance -- you could, for example, call the 8th month a name with "octo" (Latin for "eight") in it, or the 10th month something with "decem" (Latin for "ten").
Positioning of the new year at the Equinox shouldn't be any harder than doing it at the solstice (since equinoxes are halfway between the solstices), and it makes much more sense IMO. First half of the year: more day than night. Second half of the year: more night than day.
The problem with "more logical" here is that it's completely subjective.
The beauty of the "English clock", which isn't English at all, is that it simply defines a way to refer to the same point in time with a number (never mind that Daylight savings" nonsense) and you can refer to it whether you are a farmer, a software developer, a waiter, you live Africa or the arctic circle all the same.
Of course not. Gregorian Calendar didn't drift, it just fixed drift in Julian calendar, which was like a couple of weeks by 1582. And "new year" in Julian calendar was 1st of January, same as now. It was inherited from previous Roman tradition, because Romans already had the custom to mark 1st of January as a new year, because since 153 BCE it was the date when consuls were inaugurated. So it's an entirely political thing and makes no real sense whatsoever. We are celebrating the day of Roman consulate inauguration for more than 2000 years now.
And before that they they started years from 1st of March, which is much closer to one of the Equinoxes, which is what all sane people (including french revolutionaries) consider to be the proper start of a year.
Traditional Japanese timekeeping kind of did both. The "am" and "pm" time periods started at midnight and noon, but the clocks themselves started at dawn. The hours counted down from hour 9 to hour 4 (they did not use 3-1). Each of the hours was approximately two modern hours, but their individual lengths changed every two weeks to keep the periods aligned with the sun. The twelve hours on the linear clock dials ran: 6,5,4,9,8,7,6,5,4,9,8,7 (and then a final 6 to match the first six, since it was a linear instead of circular dial).
Morning and Afternoon are used for AM and PM, or if you want to be really specific you can use the name of the hour, for example 10 am is called barqo, and 18 hours is called himhimmow
Of course. That doesn't mean they are not familiar with the local traditional system though. They just can use both, as in many other countries such as Japan and China and in the Middle East for example.
Intuitive is a synonym for "what one is used to", so I believe you when you say that according to your intuition, what you're accustomed to makes the most sense.
In a place with considerable skew in daylight hours between the summer and the winter, this would be quite unintuitive, because daylight hours would become longer (and night hours shorter) during winter and spring, and the opposite for summer and autumn.
Either that, or a fixed conventional notion of "dawn" which only corresponds to the sun rising around the Equinoxes. Either way would be unintuitive.
The west inherits from the Romans, and Julius Caesar standardized away the Roman intercalary month by glomming it into Feburary. Before that a "priest" (the pontifex maximus) (in scare-quotes because it was a political office) would add that month on an ad-hoc basis. Not so different!
It's not odd as in a more unusual system, but odd in that it is widely incompatible with the calendar of most of the world, but still official calendar. Kinda like the Kodak calendar (which was instead 13 28-day months (364 days), and iirc does the off-day adjustments over the corporate winter holiday...actually pretty reasonable)
There are good reasons for the Gregorian calendar’s oddities, though. Any simple system stops being simple when you apply it to enough different situations. I am not sure programmers would like it better if each country had a different calendar for each season. Because a day that starts at 6 and ends at 18 would make sense 2 days each years here in Europe. Not even that if you go far enough North.
You'll find the ancient interpretation that the new day starts at sunset still in religions. Sabbath starts on Friday evening, Easter and Christmas day start on the eve of the day before. Possibly the Eids of Islam too, but I'm unsure.
Ethiopia is one of the ancient Christian countries, the second of officially convert and the Ethiopian Ortodox Church still seems prominent. I assume that's the reason why.
> That must have been fun for the Romans here in Scotland - an hour would be roughly two and a half time as long in winter as in summer!
Mechanical clocks in Japan were designed to handle those situations:
> Adapting the European clock designs to the needs of Japanese traditional timekeeping presented a challenge to Japanese clockmakers. Japanese traditional timekeeping practices required the use of unequal time units: six daytime units from local sunrise to local sunset, and six night-time units from sunset to sunrise.
Look where the sun is, remember where it is at sunrise/-set (much easier if you're outside every day) and then mentally divide the sky into segments and just ballpark it.
Possibly simpler to explain that it is just an artifact of using sun dials for timekeeping. Sun dials technically only can tell time accurately during daylight and base-12 is an easy division of a dial (circle).
Yeah, for countries further away from the equator this would be crazy. Actually I thought Ethiopia is already far enough from the equator to have significant changes of sunrise/sunset times, but according to https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/ethiopia/addis-ababa, they only vary by ~ 40 minutes over the year, so I guess that's close enough to "constant" for most of the population...
Wow, this is great! This is exactly how Ive thought times should be done. Ive always called it “local sunrise time”. All the advantages of DST without the biannual spikes in traffic fatalities.
Not necessarily. To be inexpressible in software, all it has to do is be unpredictable; it can still be boring.
Let me define "local snoozing time" (LST): it's set to my local standard timezone as of today, but every time I hit the snooze button on my morning alarm it shifts 9 minutes backwards (the length of the snooze). By definition, I wake up at 8am in LST, regardless of what the world is doing.
If the time shifts by more than one hour compared to the prevailing timezone, LST shifts forwards by a whole number of hours on Saturday morning, 2am LST to minimize that difference.
This timezone is "boring" but uncomputable, since it depends on unpredictable events.
But whether standard software is able to express this system is up to the software, not the system, no? Why is this way of timekeeping weird, apart from the arbitrary decision not to support it?
I would agree it's weird, but not because software doesn't support it, but because it's different from what the vast majority of the population of the world does. The fact that software doesn't support it is a downstream consequence of that.
I agree with that take. It's also quite different from saying that it's weird because software doesn't support it, which is the claim I took issue with. Maybe I should've phrased my comment differently.
The decision to not support it isn't "arbitrary" per se; it's a function of utility vs cost to implement (which a healthy dose of fudge). "Standard software" for timekeeping is far more useful precisely because it is used by far more people.
Maybe arbitrary was the wrong word. I understand that this is an implementation cost issue and I'm not saying that the decision not to pay this cost wasn't reasonable. My objection is not with tzdb, but with the characterisation of a real-life practice as weird just because software doesn't accommodate it. Shouldn't what people do be the reference for what is normal, rather than the rules encoded in software?
Individuals are full of conflicting incompatible desires and people as they group are exponentially so.
There are people who want to end any other human to ever live homeless in starvation or any kind of poverty and there are people who want to eliminate anyone they judge as threat or a nuisance while reinforcing there feeling that they dominate everything that will ever matter in the world and the rest.
Yes, it is, because in your phrasing the fact that nobody else keeps time that way is the cause and lack of support in software the effect. The comment that I originally responded to is phrased as though lack of software support is the cause of weirdness.
I object to the latter since software is not the source of truth, the social practices it aims to encode are. It is perfectly reasonable to say that this particular practice is so rare that it is out of scope, but this makes tzdb a not quite correct approximation of reality, rather than reality an approximation of tzdb.
Interesting. I propose that the transition between AM and PM should happen right in the human-sensible middle of the day. If most people start their daily activity around 6, and retire by by 10pm, then the middle would be 14hrs.
This would also give a nice 3-part division to the day that matches their use: 1st 8 hours for the morning, next 8 hours for the afternoon, and the next 8 hours for evening/night. Currently, morning alone is 12 hours, and afternoon is like 6 (or less) and the evening takes the rest.
But I guess the current noon time is chosen for when the sun is highest in the sky, so maybe to preserve noon as the transition point, morning should start from 4:00 hrs, then the afternoon starts from 12:00 hours, and evening would start from 20:00 hours.
Ethiopian Christians have retained many Jewish customs compared to others, so you will also see them observing something like kosher diets. Although dusk is not sunset, it may be the case that they've adapted the cycle from Hebrew calendar observance.
Instead the locals offset the time by 6 hours. So the AM cycle starts at dawn (i.e. 6am), and the PM cycle starts at dusk (i.e. 6pm).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Ethiopia