Since light travels at 100% the speed of light in a vacuum (by definition), I have wondered if latency over far distances could be improved by sending the data through a constellation of satellites in low earth orbit instead. Though I suspect the set of tradeoffs here (much lower throughput, much higher cost, more jitter in the latency due to satellites constantly moving around relative to the terrestrial surface) probably wouldn't make this worth it for a slight decrease in latency for any use case.
Hollow core fiber (HCF) is designed to substantially reduce the latency of normal fiber while maintaining equivalent bandwidth. It's been deployed quite a bit for low latency trading applications within a metro area, but might find more uses in reducing long-haul interconnect latency.
Absolutely! The distance to LEO satellites (like spacex or kuiper) is low enough that you would beat latency of fiber paths once the destination is far enough.
I am pretty sure this was one of the advertised strength of Starlink. Technically the journey is a bit longer, but because you can rely on the full speed of light you still come out ahead.
