When I checked how people were citing these useless papers, almost invariably it would be in a sentence like this:
"Computational modelling is a useful technique for predicting the course of epidemics [1][2][3][4][5]"
The cited papers wouldn't actually support the statement because they'd all be unvalidated models, but citing documents that don't support the claim is super common and doesn't seem to bother anyone :( Having demonstrated a "consensus" that publishing unvalidated simulations is "useful", they would then go ahead and do another one, which would then be cited in the same way ad infinitum.
"Computational modelling is a useful technique for predicting the course of epidemics [1][2][3][4][5]"
The cited papers wouldn't actually support the statement because they'd all be unvalidated models, but citing documents that don't support the claim is super common and doesn't seem to bother anyone :( Having demonstrated a "consensus" that publishing unvalidated simulations is "useful", they would then go ahead and do another one, which would then be cited in the same way ad infinitum.