I work every day with real-life systems where int can be 32 or 64 bits, long long can be 64 or 128 bits, long double can be 64 or 80 or 128 bits, some systems do not have IEEE 754 floating point (no denormals!) some are big endian and some are little endian. These things are not in the language standard because they are not standard in the real world.
Practically speaking, the language is the way it is, and has succeeded so well for so long, because it meets the requirements of its application.
There are also people who write COBOL for a living. What you say is not relevant at all for 99.99% of C++ code written today. Also, all compilers can be configured to be non-standard compliant in many different ways, the classic example being -fno-exceptions. Nobody says all kinds of using a standardized language must be standard conformant.
Practically speaking, the language is the way it is, and has succeeded so well for so long, because it meets the requirements of its application.