This isn't complicated. People like the feeling of doing productive work. If you are independently wealthy, you can do whatever you want. Hobbies or volunteering, among other things, fill that need.
If you are employed, you get that reward with your paycheck at least. Ideally the work itself is also rewarding, providing the satisfaction of doing something productive. This is why people can be happy doing rewarding work even if the pay isn't all that great.
If you are unemployed and looking unsuccessfully for work, you have no income reward and no work accomplishment reward. If you receive unemployment benefits or UBI of some sort in that situation, it's more of a reminder that "you suck, you can't even find a job, everyone else has to support you" than anything rewarding.
Throughout a lifetime of intellectual pursuits, I've found that being forced on to a UBI or disability benefit long term led to gradually building a life based around the things I truly value, and spending my productive time paying my way to society and the planet in the typically-non-monetary manners of my choosing.
It was hard to start off, of course, because it's unconventional. But now it is sweeter than conventional employment ever was for me, where I did not fit and caused issues for everybody involved.
That's not to say one or other is inherently superior. And that's the point, in a way. Conventional employment is only one of the possible means through which the claimed rewards of life can be had.
Beyond that, the reliance is only a function of social structure. That is, if we collectively choose to "look down" upon certain demographics, then those demographics will indeed feel perenially looked down upon! - because we've made it so.
> If you are unemployed and looking unsuccessfully for work, you have no income reward and no work accomplishment reward. If you receive unemployment benefits or UBI of some sort in that situation, it's more of a reminder that "you suck, you can't even find a job, everyone else has to support you" than anything rewarding.
So you're saying that you think the chronic long-term effects found in the study are not from having little money, but from the lack of rewards?
I mean, there's no data on that, so you could be right. We'd have to find a bunch of people who have little money but find their own rewards and see if they suffer the same consequences.
Possibly the "starving artist" folks - people whose motivation is their art but who earn no (or very little) money doing it. Anecdotally, the ones I've met veer wildly (almost daily) between euphoria and despair. But I think that's different from the symptoms the study is talking about.
I think there are at least some studies that show one aspect of well-being is feeling like you are a valued member of your society. You can be a relatively poor grandparent who is valued by your contributions to your family, or a volunteer, or whatever. I think for many a job becomes a unconscious proxy. You could probably also study people who are paid well, but in jobs that society doesn't generally hold in high-esteem. My mind goes to attorneys who have enough well-being issues that the American Bar Association issued a task force on well-being. I would venture a similar issue is what causes some veterans to struggle when they return to civilian life.
I guess what I'm trying to say is that a job is just a useful proxy for measuring how people feel they are contributing to society, but it's an imperfect one.
> People like the feeling of doing productive work.
No, societal conditioning from birth has taught people that if they aren't doing productive work, then they're worthless people who don't deserve happiness.
We can break away from this nonsense. While the retirement age has indeed been going up lately, there are still older folks who could retire on their savings and 401ks and pensions, but they don't, because they can't fathom what they'd do in all the spare time they have. It's so incredibly sad! There's so much more to life and self-worth than a job.
I guess you can try to stretch "productive work" to encompass hobbies like creating art or playing sports or whatever other leisure activity, but I don't think that would be particularly intellectually honest about the topic.
> If you receive unemployment benefits or UBI of some sort in that situation, it's more of a reminder that "you suck, you can't even find a job, everyone else has to support you" than anything rewarding.
If that's truly the case, that's due to propaganda associating that sort of thing with lazy, entitled leeches who are taking what they don't deserve, taking from those hard-working people doing back-breaking work to support that laziness. Again: garbage societal conditioning.
(Also, unemployment benefits in most places in the US are barely enough to live off of, not something that you'd be comfortable staying on, for the most part, even though some do it. True UBI would presumably not only provide for basic needs, but also for the ability to spend a decent amount on leisure activities.)
My future utopia is a place run by benevolent AI where there's a surplus of everything, no currency, and no jobs. People do literally whatever they want, and want for nothing. (Want something? Ask the AI and it's provided.) Some people will do things that today we'd call "employment", but they'll do them because it truly brings them joy, not because their prosperity depends on it. And yes, I imagine transitioning into this utopia would require a lot of de-conditioning. Many people would reject it, and feel listless and disaffected. It's... super sad. Work culture is lame.
No offense, but while you're lambasting "garbage social conditioning" your perspective also reads as something from anti-work propaganda. Just look at how you contrast "productive work" and "leisure" with the latter being the more desirable end-goal.
I have a different take that doesn't necessarily put those in conflict. I think we are hardwired to have our status tied to our value to our tribe. When feel like we are no longer valued, our limbic system starts acting up. We feel anxious and stressed because our evolutionary brain is worried we'll get thrown out of the tribe. Unfortunately, in a modern society many have conflated value to mean a job. That's why I think some of those people who can retire continue to work. But the solution isn't to just replace "productive work" with more leisure time. I think that can also lead to bad outcomes when the other necessary parts of well-being are left unaddressed. I think people need* "productive work" that leads them to feel valued, but it doesn't have to be a wage/salary job.
* there's obviously large variance at the individual level, probably associated with certain personality traits. E.g., people who are high on the conscientiousness trait may need more industrious activities than others to have high levels of well-being
If you are employed, you get that reward with your paycheck at least. Ideally the work itself is also rewarding, providing the satisfaction of doing something productive. This is why people can be happy doing rewarding work even if the pay isn't all that great.
If you are unemployed and looking unsuccessfully for work, you have no income reward and no work accomplishment reward. If you receive unemployment benefits or UBI of some sort in that situation, it's more of a reminder that "you suck, you can't even find a job, everyone else has to support you" than anything rewarding.