I am not sure that INSEE had a very precise vision of the French population at that time, after all, France was mostly a rural country and IT did not appear in French administrations until around thirty years later, in the 1970s. As a former colleague once told me, it is more than likely that the data was "intuited" most of the time (to be clear: completely fabricated).
While I know nothing about the work of René Carmille, from what I was told it's that in most cases it was neighbors who denounced Jews, and you could be denounced even if you were not a Jew, but have some disagreement with someone.
Equally in the same proportion, and sometimes by the same people, Jews and more largely all opponents to Nazis, including English or US plane aviators, were hidden by people (one of my grandmothers did it for Jews).
It was a complicated time, with no clear delineation between "good" and "bad" people.
You'd be wrong. I've got a great-uncle that was a card carrying member of the dutch nazi party. Seems like a pretty clear-cut case. Turns out that he didn't like nazis much, but as a publisher he was required to either be a member of the party or quit his job and starve.
People did what they had to do to survive. It's easy to tell them they were wrong in hindsight.
Just to add so this comment can't be misconstrued later: The nazi party was evil. Committing genocide is bad.
While I know nothing about the work of René Carmille, from what I was told it's that in most cases it was neighbors who denounced Jews, and you could be denounced even if you were not a Jew, but have some disagreement with someone.
Equally in the same proportion, and sometimes by the same people, Jews and more largely all opponents to Nazis, including English or US plane aviators, were hidden by people (one of my grandmothers did it for Jews).
It was a complicated time, with no clear delineation between "good" and "bad" people.