Cows literally fart methane, a greenhouse gas an order of magnitude worse than carbon. There is no green way to mass produce beef and those externalities should be taxed. However, I know nothing about Danish agriculture so I don't know if this tax is fair and well thought or not, but industrial agricultural production of beef absolutely needs to be taxed.
I can't tell if you're being tongue-in-cheek or not here, but yes. For many reasons, we need to dramatically and quickly reduce industrial beef and dairy production. The effects it has on climate change, the water and land usage, and the effect it has on antibiotic resistance are all reasons we need to stop immediately. Of course, we won't because people are selfish and myopic, but we absolutely should.