AMD can go toe to toe with Nvidia on hardware innovation. What AMD had realised (correctly, IMO), is that all they need is for hyperscalers to match/come close to Nvidia on software innovation on AMD hardware - Amazon/Meta/Microsoft engineers can get their foundation models running on M1300X well enough for their needs - CUDA is not much of moat in that market-segment where there are dedicated AI-infrastructure teams. If the price is right, they may shift some of those CapEx dollars from Nvidia to AMD. Few AI practitioners - and even fewer LLM consumers - care about the libraries underpinning torch/numpy/high-level-python-framework/$LLM-service, as long as it works.