Wilson's "Uniprocessor Garbage Collection Techniques" (http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.47.2...) is what you want: an excellent survey paper of fundamental garbage collector designs.

I highly recommend the Jones/Hosking/Moss book, but it assumes familiarity with the basics. Pick it up if the Wilson paper intrigues you. The previous edition of the book (Jones & Lins) is good, too, but the new one adds a lot of important material on real-time GC, concurrent GC, and interactions between GC and runtime systems.