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IIRC it's been well-known for a while how they moved the vast majority of materials by land (similar to how the Stonehenge megaliths were moved, highly dissimilar to how the Rapa Nui moai were).



No,the best theory is they cut the stones in a slightly underwater quarry. The limestone if submerged hasn't gained co2. They used a complex system similar to a canal. They used ballast like logs or airbags to float the cut rocks while keeping them uderwater. Even the top working row was a water filled mini canal. They would drop the stones into place. Once the water was removed the limestone would absorb co2 and swell, tightening the blocks together. This would have been some serious engineering.


That theory has been thoroughly debunked. The limestone was transported by a network of internal ramps.


How? Last I heard, it seemed either "rolling logs" or "powerful aliens" were equally plausible...


It was the logs, friend. Though the maoi moves beat both.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvvES47OdmY


Were there wheels before the stone pillars of the Osireion were created; and if so how how were those stonemasonry methods lost?

The Great Pyramid Grand Gallery locks have spots for things that roll or that rope rigging may have pulled around.

Hydrological engineering pyramid construction methods: Herodotus, Strabo, Edward J. Kunkel "The Pharaohs Pump", Steven Meyers, Chris Massey

Herodotus > Life > Early Travels: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus#Early_travels

https://www.secretofthepyramids.com/herodotus :

> For this, they said, the ten years were spent, and for the underground chambers on the hill upon which the pyramids stand, which he caused to be made as sepulchral chambers for himself in an island, having conducted thither a channel from the Nile.

Sounds like the same story for the Osireion, according to Strabo.

There's a speculative map in "Water Transportation During Khufu Time" https://www.secretofthepyramids.com/projects/project-three-w... :

"Probable look at waterways of Giza during Khufu time" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/600615bf2f57da...

https://www.secretofthepyramids.com/latestnews references:

"Nile waterscapes Facilitated the Construction of Giza Pyramids During the 3rd Millennium BCE." (2022) https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2202530119

Timeline of Glaciation; the last ice age ended around 11,700 years ago: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_glaciation

"Rock art indicates cows once grazed a lush, green Sahara" (2024) https://newatlas.com/science/cattle-rock-art-sahara-desert/

Ancient megalithic Geopolymer masonry made with electrodes and [Lingam,] electricity is apparently lost to modern day as well.

FWIU, in the Great Pyramid, there were/are copper rods in the shafts out from the King's Chamber, and the conductive gold at the top of the pyramid was added after construction over top of a perhaps more ancient well shaft (that is not as geomagnetically-aligned) that may have been a hydraulic/hydrologic water tunnel given the water erosion in the subterranean chamber.

Fairly, Demonstrate moving and then placing an 80 ton granite stone with ancient materials and tools: copper, gold, limestone, granite, probably fulgurite (sand glass due to lightning) and/or volcanic glass, obsidian, grain dust, papyrus rope, papyrus boats, barges, [variable buoyancy] crane machines, masonry forms and jigs, chemistry in jars, large sceptre tuning forks, sand, porous cliffs by the sea

What are the dates on the outer structure, and on the oldest largest object within the structure?

Well: Cyprus (8400 BC),

Wheel: Pillars, Potter's wheel (4500–3300 BCE), chariot (2200–1550 BCE), stone saw

Gears: Antikythera (200 BC), Watchmaking c. 1300 AD

But the boat, and things that float due to ballast or no; how old is that?

Aliens of similar height, from the tunnel and stair heights and sarcophagi.

Such as the [presumed] Sarcophagus of Senusret II - which has a pyramid built around it with perhaps newer and less precise masonry methods - which one might've hoped had contained instructions on how to produce spec granite at those tolerances back then; [1]

[1] "The MOST precisely made granite object of Ancient Egypt - and why it's NOT Geopolymer" https://youtu.be/d8Ejf5etV5U?si=4GfDTL-QSGE5mO05?t=11m30s

There is little evidence of advanced mechanical masonry tools at the time, except for the remaining megalithic stonework that later cultures built upon.

FWIU there are only a few examples of circular polishing, and the core drilling method leaves different signatures than known methods in modern day.




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