Not really. Jenson’s typeface (modern revivals include Montype’s Centaur and Adobe Jenson) retained a lot of calligraphic features which figure less in later faces. Garamond is much more of a type design than lettering in type and Caslon is wholly typographic in its nature.
You are technically correct. Even though that's the best kind of correct, I'd see these later developments as mostly natural refinements of the medium, that didn't really alter the fundamentals.
From Jenson until the first Grotesk fonts I don't think there was anything large one-time leap, but rather a sequence of gradual evolutions.
Later, more famous types, such as Caslon or Garamond, are just variations on this.