There are many interesting efforts — going back quite a few years —- to this goal, many of which in the PAC setting (which automatically means MLP is out, for theoretical guarantees). E.g [0]and its related references come to mind as an interesting place to look into it!

[0]: https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2018/file/22b1f2e098316... pro

(Edited for some clarity)