The fact that, as far as I understand, section 174 rules are disliked across the aisle, yet Congress cannot get its act together enough to fix what will wreak the pipeline for arguably the most valuable and dynamic part of the US's economy speaks volumes. The legislative branch of the US federal government is in such dire need of reform.
Dont see how it would fix this. The donor class absolutely wants this fixed, how would campaign finance reform help get this passed when donors already want it passed?
This is impossible for the foreseeable future given that we have a conservative super majority in the Supreme Court who see corporations as people but also special people who don't have the full responsibility that regular people have as far as the law goes. This allows PACs to spend unlimited money on elections as long as they don't wink wink nudge nudge cooperate with political candidates/campaigns.
This doesn't fix the section 174 problem at all. It also doesn't fix how Congress would operate. Our politics have become ridiculously polarized and Congress won't even work behind doors together. Many people go to Congress to become famous, not to get stuff done. We have lost the element of compromise, as everyone just panders to their base.
You have yet to make an argument how campaign finance reform would change any of the above.
Some of these would likely require constitutional amendments. Given our threshold for passing that (38 states out of 50 must ratify), this is extremely unlikely to happen for any suggestion that is likely to negatively affect either or both of the large parties that we have.
For the remaining stuff, you need federal bills passed, so we're talking about both chambers of Congress + president. So the one party that isn't opposed to all that needs to have a trifecta, for starters. Majorities are razor thin these days, especially so in the Senate, so filibuster in the latter is another hurdle (although it could be dropped for something like this).
That's why it's such a nasty deadlock - the system is in a state wherein there are no legitimate methods to recover its operation.
While I agree with you completely, no way this happens in the USA without a dictator and well if you have a dictator then they're all irrelevant. It's an unsolvable problem.