Antibiotics produce chemical effects in the bacteria; eg disrupting metabolic processes. We like antibiotics because they target bacteria without injuring the host. Antibiotics are subject to antibiotic resistance because some bacteria are resistant to the chemical mechanism used.
There are antibacterial substances that don’t target metabolic processes. They function in various ways- soap binds to the bacteria and to water and allows them to be washed away. Lysol uses a heavily basic solution to chemically damage the bacteria. These are not 100% effective because nobody uses them long enough or in enough concentration to be 100% effective, because they also affect the host. I guess it’s conceivable that a bacterium could evolve a non-lipid cell membrane or resistance to high pH, but these would be much more massive mutations than slight changes in metabolism.
There are antibacterial substances that don’t target metabolic processes. They function in various ways- soap binds to the bacteria and to water and allows them to be washed away. Lysol uses a heavily basic solution to chemically damage the bacteria. These are not 100% effective because nobody uses them long enough or in enough concentration to be 100% effective, because they also affect the host. I guess it’s conceivable that a bacterium could evolve a non-lipid cell membrane or resistance to high pH, but these would be much more massive mutations than slight changes in metabolism.