As the other comment mentions, yes there is a seed attribute, also the algorithm for the randomness function is defined in the specification as 186 lines of C code[0], so in theory different implementations should behave the same.

Although looking at the cod, it uses floating point math, which I believe is implementation defined, so maybe it could behave differently on various platforms.

[0]: https://drafts.fxtf.org/filter-effects/#elementdef-feturbule...