1) There is a big difference between a hospital and medical practice, 2) this is a solved problem as it relates to other professional service firm (law firms, investment banks (back in the day)).
When people are invited to become partners, usually they needed to write a check, but also buy-in over a number of years using a percentage of their earnings, as well as the firm potentially providing financing to buy their partnership interest. On retirement, partners were bought out (in many cases, getting paid out over a time until they were fully bought out)
>When people are invited to become partners, usually they needed to write a check, but also buy-in over a number of years using a percentage of their earnings, as well as the firm potentially providing financing to buy their partnership interest
This doesn't address any of the main problem I brought up, which is that hospitals are capital intensive. "Writing a check" is easy to do when there isn't much capital tied up in the business in the first place, but what do you do when the hospital costs $100M to build and there are 100 doctors? I can't see how the numbers would work out using the methods you described.
See my point 1) medical practices <> hospitals 2) there aren’t many de novo hospitals, so the start from scratch example is not that relevant, but for fun, in your example you borrow $50m and and 25 of the doctors (the partners) pony up $2m (not a crazy amount given that average doctor pay is $300-$500k and these 25 would systems only be in the top quartile and later career