Yes, but this will backfire on ARM, where jumps are as roughly fast as conditional arithmetic.
The whole point of using C is not to think about the underlying architecture. As soon as you start taking "jumps are a lot slower than conditional arithmetic on x86" into account, you're not writing in C, you're writing in assembly with extra steps :-)
Note, that's only ARMv7; ARMv8 dropped most of the conditionally executed instruction stuff. And so it isn't even jumps that's fast on ARMv7, it's specifically cases that can be (and are) converted to predicated instrs; jumps are still gonna be slow in general on anything high-perf enough that it needs speculation, which can include the actual jumps of ARMv7.
If a compiler can convert jumpy code to the predicated instrs, it should be able to trivially convert conditional arith to such too (even easier & more consistently than branches I'd say).
The whole point of using C is not to think about the underlying architecture. As soon as you start taking "jumps are a lot slower than conditional arithmetic on x86" into account, you're not writing in C, you're writing in assembly with extra steps :-)