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A Group Is Its Own Worst Enemy [pdf] (2005) (gwern.net)
148 points by mooreds on May 7, 2023 | hide | past | favorite | 54 comments



> If you were in a bookstore and you said, “I’m done,” you’d walk out. If you were in a coffee shop and said, “This is boring,” you’d walk out.

> You’re sitting at a party, and you decide, “I don’t like this; I don’t want to be here.” And then you don’t leave.

Wait.. what?? Why would someone stick around at a party they don't like? Is this really what normally happens?


Possible reasons, approximately in order of increasing complexity:

* You were invited, and it would be awkward to leave too early.

* You're someone's +1, and it would be awkward to leave them behind.

* It's a party for you, and it would be ungrateful to leave.

* You're intoxicated, and it's not safe for you to drive right now, so you need to wait until you sober up.

* The host put in a lot of effort to arrange the party, and if too many people leave they will be sad.

* It's a mandatory voluntary work "party", and you need to play along or you'll be considered not invested in your job.

* You were expecting to find a romantic interest here, and they're late, but you're still hoping they show.

* You've been avoiding people lately for reasons of your own, but your friends will become more worried if you don't display adequate sociability.

* You're a linchpin in your friend group--when you don't hang out, they tend not to hang with each other, and this is bad for at least one of them.

* It's a battle of the bands, and you need to defeat two of Ramona's seven evil exes.


* You may not have ever seen a lynch mob form, but your genes are very nervous about developing a reputation as the least loyal person in the group. For reasons you don't understand, you display social signals that the group is important to you.


This indeed. Basic mammal brain stuff. Herding instinct is just as strong as the others.


Well there are exceptions like Steve Jobs or Nietzsche.


I guess some people have sheepdog instinct, the other side of herding.


I think the fear is not of a lynch mob - we evolved in situations where we relied on the group for survival, and ostracism meant a much higher risk of death, whether from predation or starvation. Alternatively, any violence, even between individuals, had a higher risk of death due to bacterial infection etc.


Sure, but the example being portrayed seems to be focused on a party where one feels no obligation to stay (for friendship, socialization, intoxication, or future expectation):

---

"You are at a party, and you get bored. You say “This isn’t doing it for me anymore. I’d rather be someplace else. I’d rather be home asleep. The people I wanted to talk to aren’t here.” For whatever reason, the party fails to meet some threshold of interest. And then a really remarkable thing happens: you don’t leave. You make a decision: “I don’t like this.” If you were in a bookstore and you said, “I’m done,” you’d walk out. If you were in a coffee shop and said, “This is boring,” you’d walk out. You’re sitting at a party, and you decide, “I don’t like this; I don’t want to be here.” And then you don’t leave. That kind of social sticki- ness is what Bion is talking about.

And then, another really remarkable thing happens. Twenty minutes later, one person stands up and gets their coat, and what happens? Suddenly everyone is getting their coats on, all at the same time. Which means that everyone had decided that the party was not for them, and no one had done anything about it, until finally this triggering event let the air out of the group, and everyone kind of felt okay about leaving."

---

At least that's how I'm reading it? This is confusing - why would anyone stay longer in such a situation? How is this different from the coffee shop or bookstore example?


I feel like this is going in circles. The quote doesn't explicitly say, "None of the following reasons for staying apply, and you have no obligation to stay", it is letting you imagine the myriad reasons you might hang out longer than you want out of some sense of obligation.

If it is really unimaginable to you that someone would not leave a social event the minute they're bored, this whole concept of groups might be a little alien to you. Maybe you're autistic, in a way that's very different from how I am. I don't know at all; I don't know you. But I can say confidently that it is normal behavior to hang out a little longer than you really want to at a social event.


For me this doesn't sound confusing. Last time I was at a gathering, what was described (bored but not leaving, waiting for coats) happened. If it were a bookstore or coffee shop, i would have left the moment i got bored.

Maybe i'm susceptible to group pressure. I know a lot of people are.

The funny thing is, afterwards I was halpy that I left as one of the latest.


I don't know how you got "no obligation to stay" out of that, when the message is that they (and everyone else) felt obligated to stay for general social reasons (social sticki-ness).


The best part about having MS is that I can leave any social event at any time and it's not considered rude. As an introvert, I don't miss the 'do I leave?' decision-making flowchart.


> You're a linchpin in your friend group--when you don't hang out, they tend not to hang with each other, and this is bad for at least one of them.

This is a trap.


>Why would someone stick around at a party they don't like? Is this really what normally happens?

The reason was in the paragraphs leading up your excerpt: >, and so he decided that the unresolvability of the question was the answer. To the question “Do groups of people behave as aggregations of individuals or as a cohesive group?” Bion’s answer was that human groups are “hopelessly committed to both,” which is to say hopelessly committed to individual identity and to group membership.

Or put another way, the desire for social conformity can contradict private preferences.

If the bored person leaves early (fulfills a personal preference), he/she draws extra attention to himself because they're the only making an exit. This can also embarrass the host. So a reasonable rationalization is to avoid embarrassing the host (social conformity) and just suffer some temporary boredom.

But the above social calculation changes if multiple people decide to leave. Now, there's "safety in numbers" and leaving early is emotionally easier. Sure, the host still might be embarrassed but there's no longer a single party-goer to point disapproval at.

Another version of the above is clapping and standing ovations at presentations. If all the audience members expressed their true opinions, there might be 75% clapping and 25% not clapping. But polite society has an unspoken rule where everybody claps. Likewise when some think that clapping by itself is appropriate but a standing ovation is not. But then a few stand up ... and now everybody stands up.


> But the above social calculation changes if multiple people decide to leave. Now, there's "safety in numbers" and leaving early is emotionally easier. Sure, the host still might be embarrassed but there's no longer a single party-goer to point disapproval at.

Applies to so many things. In a somewhat conservative-ish community of people who grew up in the same small town/village, the first person to divorce their partner will become a village-wide scandal. A small wave of divorces following soon after will barely gather a remark.


Many communities' implicit social contracts imply that it can be impolite to just leave in the middle of a party a person has been invited to.

If it's "I'm bored" but not "oh God, I hate this," a lot of folks will stick around to be kind to the party host.


> Why would someone stick around at a party they don't like?

Many sorts of parties involve a social obligation and leaving them early comes with a social cost.


Maybe I'm being weird about it, but what would it take to repeal the idea of social cost? If I'm being extra snippy about it, it seems like folks are not being held accountable for their feelings of social entitlement.


I think what it would take is for people to stop being social animals. I don't think the social cost is a bad thing, in and of itself. It's not a bad thing to remain at a party you don't enjoy as a kind of social gift to your friends (as long as you can remain without being a sourpuss about it). It's just another variation on how it's a good thing to take part in an activity you're not really into in order to benefit a friend. Other times, they'll do the same with you.

Compromise is mandatory in order to have a functioning society. This is a kind of compromise.


That's an interesting take. Can you explain what both sides are compromising on?


Humans don't always act rationally. In the moment, you often just do things (or don't do things). Afterwards you may try to rationalize it, but in the moment you don't or you can't. Sometimes you just stay, as simply as that.

Of course, maybe you're a person who always behaves rationally (or at least imagines they do). But people like that are uncommon. Most of us just don't behave rationally all the time.


Behaving unauthentically is a form of masking that some of is learn to do because we receive the msssage that certain behaviour is not accepted.


I think it's important to distinguish what one might call "inauthentic behavior" and "behavior that goes beyond ones own personal preferences".

The party example is a good point. A very common thing is to go to a friends party as a show of support for their thing, and to, for lack of a better word, have numbers be good. But it's not inauthentic to support your friend's thing! Sometimes you do a thing because it's for someone else.

And when the wave of departures happen... there is a mix of "I also wanted to leave", but "oh I guess it's time to leave" is another, and "oh I'm not totally done but it's starting to end so" are all on the spectrum of possibilities, and ones that I've held.

I think this group behavior is ... authentic and human. Acting on what you are thinking, at its extreme, is kind of indistinguishable from having no impulse control.


> Behaving unauthentically

I feel that people, these days, are more free to express their "inner voice," more often.

In some cases, this is good. In others, it is bad.

One of the rationalizations that I hear, for "hate jockeys," is "Hey, they're just saying what everyone thinks!".

There's a reason that we don't say everything that we think. We're actually experiencing object lessons, in exactly this, in society, these days.

In my case, basic courtesy is why I "behave unauthentically." It's not lying, or even dishonesty. It's basic human relations.

Extreme example:

I'm routinely dealing with the types of people many folks in "polite society" think should be euthanized. It sucks, when those people say what they think.

When we say "These people should be killed/hurt," then some folks take the rhetoric as support for their actions.


> I'm routinely dealing with the types of people many folks in "polite society" think should be euthanized. It sucks, when those people say what they think.

I do take your point overall, but in this kind of example would it not be better to bring it out into the open and discuss it? Granted it would likely be an unpleasant conversation, but they do hold an unpleasant opinion, so why not make them go through the unpleasantness of defending it?


Because they don’t actually need to defend it. We see that all the time, these days. When someone is called out on extreme rhetoric, they don’t bother to defend it. They just throw ad hominem attacks at those that question the position, and double down on their BS.

It works a treat. Trying to “call out” people, these days, simply gives them a new platform, and actually amplifies their hate.


The slightly more nuanced version of this is: Behave authentically when you're pro-social and mask when you're tendency is anti-social. The trick that's happening is that pro-social behavior is being applauded for it's authenticity when in fact, it's just pro-social.


"Always be yourself, but always be your better self."

People are complicated animals, just because I have a personal preference or a personal tendency, doesn't mean it is inauthentic to exercise self-control in pursuit of a larger, different goal.


Reposts are fine after a year or so (this is in the FAQ: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsfaq.html) and it's good to have the classics reappear from time to time as the newer cohorts of users don't know about them yet.

Related past threads... others?

Shirky.com is gone - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31038660 - April 2022 (143 comments, including from clay_shirky - perhaps he'll show up in this one too!)

A Group Is Its Own Worst Enemy (2003) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27706413 - July 2021 (61 comments)

A Group Is Its Own Worst Enemy (2003) [pdf] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23723205 - July 2020 (14 comments)

LambdaMOO takes a new direction (1992) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22680965 - March 2020 (29 comments)

A Group Is Its Own Worst Enemy - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14634437 - June 2017 (1 comment)

The Lessons of Lucasfilm's Habitat (1990) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8255850 - Sept 2014 (10 comments)

A Group Is Its Own Worst Enemy - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4059338 - June 2012 (2 comments)

Shirky: A Group Is Its Own Worst Enemy - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3003574 - Sept 2011 (15 comments)

A Group Is Its Own Worst Enemy - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3003547 - Sept 2011 (8 comments)

Ask YC: forums still a viable format (group-enemy problem)? - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=944662 - Nov 2009 (6 comments)

Clay Shirky: A Group Is Its Own Worst Enemy - Social Software Design - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=460624 - Feb 2009 (13 comments)

A group is its own worst enemy... - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=122189 - Feb 2008 (1 comment)

Shirky: A Group Is Its Own Worst Enemy - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24992 - May 2007 (1 comment)

A Group is its Own Worst Enemy - Social Software Design - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7354 - March 2007 (3 comments)


For those familiar, today was the day after reading this essay so many times, I discovered Clay wrote books, and I ordered some.

Perennial links might make a great addition to the HN Lists page for readers new and old. I’d love to see what else I have missed out on.


> Perennial links might make a great addition to the HN Lists page for readers new and old.

For those who are new, the mentioned HN Lists page is at: https://news.ycombinator.com/lists

You'll also find it in the footer of every HN page with Lists as it's anchor text.


Just a (very late) contribution to the 'It's Gone' discussion.

Anyone with a legacy blog that is causing headaches: perhaps wget to extract the static html pages and pop them somewhere?

Archive.org is always available as a last resort of course.


Have you considered adding some notes to the guidelines based on articles like this? It talks about group-forming habits that on HN I'd imagine you want people alert to and then avoiding.


I'd be interested in adding anything that is (a) important and (b) not derivable from the guidelines that are already there. But I don't know what that would be. Suggestions are welcome!


Some suggestions:

1. There is a lot of stuff in the HN Undocumented norms repo[0] that would be potentially good candidates.

2. Clear up some of the oft repeated norms around disagreement and downvotes. Downvotes in general (when do you get access to the downvote, what they are for, why there are no submission downvotes, etc).

3. Information about posting: reposting, file types (since only pdfs and videos are mentioned explicitly), pay walls. Add a note about year tags.

4. Info about why titles are sometimes changed automatically (since this is often confusing to people).

5. An explicit call out that bots and entirely (or almost entirely) generated comments are banned, with allowances for comments with substantial human contribution quoting eg ChatGPT output.

[0] https://github.com/minimaxir/hacker-news-undocumented


> There is a lot of stuff in the HN Undocumented norms repo[0] that would be potentially good candidates

Specifically which items? We can't include all of them—the list would be too long. Actually https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html is too long already. The longer we make it, the less people will read, so the bar for additions needs to be high.

> Clear up some of the oft repeated norms around disagreement and downvotes

A mere rule can't clear that one up. What clicks those buttons is the reptile brain, and the reptile brain doesn't know about rules.

> Information about posting: reposting, file types (since only pdfs and videos are mentioned explicitly), pay walls. Add a note about year tags.

Reposting is in the FAQ. Re file types—which ones? pdfs and videos are the main cases, and it's important for guidelines not to be laundry lists.

Paywalls—that's an interesting case. I think it needs to remain a grey area. Not grey like https://www.color-hex.com/color/dedede, mind you—more like https://www.color-hex.com/color/676767. But not black and white like it would be if we officialized it.

> Add a note about year tags.

To me that one's on the wrong side of "what belongs in the guidelines". The current system, which leaves it to convention, moderator edits, and user comments, works fine. Every detail we add to the guidelines has a cost—it dilutes the attention people pay to the other ones.

> Info about why titles are sometimes changed automatically (since this is often confusing to people).

This is another discretion-is-the-better-part-of-valor case, like downvotes—it's too emotional to be subject to rules or explanations (https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...). Rather than add a rule that everyone breaks, thus weakening the entire ruleset, I'd rather leave it to work itself out in the threads.

> An explicit call out that bots and entirely (or almost entirely) generated comments are banned, with allowances for comments with substantial human contribution quoting eg ChatGPT output.

This is the one I'm closest to agreeing with, but the way you phrase it does a good job of bringing out its problems. How much generated content is ok? is it ok to just quote? and so on. I'm also not sure that it doesn't already follow from the existing guidelines, particularly the one about curious conversation.


Possibly (non) related - Wilfred Bion's work on group dynamics.


I tried reading Bion's Experiences in Groups (recommended in the OP), several times actually, and couldn't get far with it. Are there other things he wrote that are easier to get started with?


High five.


Of course: a group contains the inverse of every member.


Did you read the post? His whole point is that the group exists apart from the individuality of each member, and can have separate goals and methods.

And that you can't study both the members and the group at the same time.


I think GP was making a math joke; "a group is a non-empty set [...] in such a way that [...] every element has an inverse". [0]

[0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(mathematics)


Oops, thanks for the clarification. My bad.


Thanks, Dan. This is a classic (as was almost everything Clay Shirky wrote).


I know! I was so bummed when he stopped blogging.


When his site went 404, I thought he'd died.

Glad to be wrong.


TLDR:

  - Social software requires designing for group success, not just individual success.
  - Software developers need to consider the sociology and anthropology of the group that will be using their software.
  - Human groups are committed to individual identity and group membership, which can lead to groups becoming their own worst enemy.
  - Group structure exists to keep a group on target, on track, on message, on charter, to keep a group focused on its own sophisticated goals and away from sliding into basic patterns.
  - Large groups require different design considerations than small groups.
  - The responsibility for defining value and defending it should be put into the hands of the group itself, rather than trying to describe everything in the software up front.
  - A core group arises that cares about the community as a whole and takes care of the social environment by encouraging good behavior and discouraging bad behavior.
  - Reputation systems are not always effective in human situations.
  - Ease of use should be designed for the group, not just the individual.
  - Conversations require dense two-way conversations, and human interaction doesn't scale up like a balloon.
generated by https://kagi.com/


I saw the title and Lit up.


[flagged]


Yes, please don't post these to HN. We want conversation that is (a) human and (b) not a repetition of what has been said before. Autogenerated comments have always been off topic.


Chat gpt et al seem to have changed the game. We dont need to get human groups to work better, if the output of a group can be outperformed by an algo.


Chat GPT is going to build a fusion reactor?

Fight the war in Ukraine?

Find a way to slow muscle atrophy?


> Chat GPT is going to build a fusion reactor?

GPT-4? Not likely. GPT-6? Maybe.

> Fight the war in Ukraine?

I hope not, because soon after it will be ChatGPT vs. ЧатGPT vs. 聊天GPT vs. le bavardage GPT, and I don't think we're ready for AI wars just yet.

> Find a way to slow muscle atrophy?

Again, GPT-4 likely not, but there's a chance that the solution is already there, hidden in 20 different scientific papers across 5 scientific disciplines, waiting for someone to find the connection. We're way past "academic publishing singularity" for humans to be able to do it, but maybe GPT-6 will manage.


Don't worry chat gpt is just showing us all who has antisocial personalities and lacks understanding or empathy for the human condition. Nothing you say matters to them. It's their way of trying to prove to themselves that only they matter and other human beings aren't worth their time.


When you interpret their view of the world as uncharitably as you just did, is it any wonder they have a low opinion of other people?




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