So far their hasn't been much desire to FORCE these addicts into treatment (your last caveat).Portland is a disaster. They had 238 OD deaths in 2019. They're already up to 400 in 2023 and had 742 in 2022...When the bodies pile up it strains the local health system and creates backlogs with the coroner's office. I had a family member that lost their child to undiagnosed low-blood-sugar (MCAD) and I missed the funeral because the state had to hold onto the body for longer than anticipated because of these opioid deaths (I couldn't change my flight plans). They either have to force these people into treatment centers (European model) or they need to be thrown into jail. If that's not possible than dispense with the pleasantries and throw them into mass graves.