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https://fs.blog/chestertons-fence/

I think this is a human thing, not necessarily just kids today.




I like how Chesterton’s Fence example actually is a huge pro to not letting unquestionably the fence in the middle of the road.

If there is no documentation on it, no-one around to pro-actively explain why it’s there, then the most economical way to see if it had any positive value is to stash it and see what happen.

That doesn’t mean it’s always the most rational thing to do, of course. Throwing POSIX away doesn’t qualify with a situation where there is a lake of provided documentation or a missing obvious purpose.

The fallacy is well confined in these two sentences:

>However, before they decide to remove it, they must figure out why it exists in the first place. If they do not do this, they are likely to do more harm than good with its removal.

Actually, assuming you don’t know consequences of removing the fence, you also have to assume that you don’t know consequences of letting the fence in place, which might just as well turn to a dramatic situation. What is for sure, if nothing around can explain its purpose, is that it was placed here by people to negligent to induce the right clues about it. So, who know to which level their laxity might have reach?

Remove the fence unless someone know why it was put up in the first place, and the rational still hold.


Story time: at my previous job we had an old server called "the black box" which hosted some old cronjobs and various services from about a decade earlier. There was no documentation and everyone who had worked on it had left years earlier. The ops team dutifully kept it online but otherwise didn't touch it, and no other team owned it. In short, it was the ideal candidate for your "reverse Chestertons fence" strategy. At some point we had to delve into what was actually on it, and it turned out that both company payroll and a service responsible for about 50% of company revenue was on that box. Simply removing it to see what happened would have easily cost a few million in revenue, even if it could be reinstated from backup a day later (and I'm doubtful if we could have restored it at all without serious data loss). Now obviously having such a server is a bad practice in the first case, but if you find yourself in such a position "just kill it and see what happens" is definitely not the most economical option in all cases.

In the case of POSIX it might hold, since probably the worst case is that some volunteers throw away a few years of their life hacking away on yet another OS that will never gain traction. Humanity spends a lot more time on a lot less worthy endeavors.


I can't upvote you enough.

Around here, on HN, Chesterton's fences pops up so many times as some type of ageless nugget of wisdom.

But another way to look at it is that it's just the lazy guy's excuse to allow bit rot. Because, let's be honest, we only care about Chesterton's fence in the context of software development.

Who among us did not work with software with dark corners, with files with no commits in the last 10 years, with playbooks that people just go through mechanically, because there's no one from the "old guard" who remembers why things are the way they are?

Who would not love to live in an alternate reality, where each Chesterton's fence was removed at the first opportunity, rather than left there to burden future generations of unlucky toilers? Where code is clean, documentation is up to date, tests complete, colleagues who know what's going on? Well, that alternate reality does not exist, of course.

But at least let's stop thinking we are wise whenever we postpone deprecating something we don't understand, just because some semi-famous essayist came up with a nice figure of speech one hundred years ago.


It is completely crazy to expect people to "pro-actively explain why it's there" -- how do you see this? A plaque at every fence with explanation? A person standing by fence every day, just in case someone wants to tear it down? Do you expect each shared object to be labeled and documented?

Whomever wants to tear the fence down has to do basic research -- visit city hall for the plans, talk to old-timers, check the old newspapers, etc... If they do it, this qualifies for "understanding". And yes, maybe the fence was put by Crazy Old Bill who was paranoid about neighbour's goats... then yes, tear it down. But make sure it is really him first, and not some better reason.

> assuming you don’t know consequences of removing the fence, you also have to assume that you don’t know consequences of letting the fence in place,

Note that at some moment there were no fence, and yet someone has expended non-trivial effort to put the fence up. This means someone had a reason do to so, so whomever that past person was, they knew more than you did right now. Therefore, unless you believe that you are smarter than most other people, you should defer to their past decision.

(And if you believe that you are smart that most other people, and yet want to tear down the fences you don't understand... I have bad news for you :) )


>A plaque at every fence with explanation?

Well, for every fence at the middle of a path that have for example a a commemorative value, that seems a good start. And "warning do not remove" is a rather common thing on places where a danger is expected otherwise.

>Whomever wants to tear the fence down has to do basic research -- visit city hall for the plans, talk to old-timers, check the old newspapers, etc...

I think that qualifies in "someone know why it was put up in the first place, and the rational still hold".

>Therefore, unless you believe that you are smarter than most other people, you should defer to their past decision.

I don’t think smartness matter that much here. It’s all about blindly rel invariably in a cargo cult fashion about everything or keep critical thought vivid when it seems possibly relevant. Someone can be extremely smart and still follow rigorously the cult of the day.

-----------

Some thought experiment now. :)

Say you won a new house, congratulation!

In the middle of the garden, crossed by a path, there is a fence with no door, easy to circumvent, serving no apparent purpose. The planes you where given with the house, duplicate of those from the city hall, don’t mention it. Now, there might many explanation for this situation. One possible rationale would be, the fence used to be larger, possibly even forming a closure some time in the past. But no one know. Will you let let the fence disrupting the path in the middle of the garden? Will you call some expert to diagnose the soils, just in case it might collapse would someone remove the fence?

Also, in the middle of the living room there is a thick wall up to the ceiling, with large space to pass on both side. It’s not mentioned in any plane. Having a unified big living room would be fare more nicer to you. Will you destroy the wall without delay? Or call an expert to determine if this is a bearing wall first, without which the house would collapse?

So this is really largely dependent on context, as usual.


> Actually, assuming you don’t know consequences of removing the fence, you also have to assume that you don’t know consequences of letting the fence in place, which might just as well turn to a dramatic situation.

That assumption reads as false to me. There should generally be historical data around the costs and consequences of maintaining the fence. E.g. if you're shutting down a server, it's generally easy to figure out how much the hardware costs, how many man-hours you spend on maintaining it, etc. None of that requires knowing why the fence exists.

Those costs and consequences tend to be small, because large costs have to be continually validated as a good use of resources so they have a living memory of sorts.

> What is for sure, if nothing around can explain its purpose, is that it was placed here by people to negligent to induce the right clues about it.

Again, I don't think this is sure. I've seen lots of cases where docs probably did exist at some point, but the writers left and successors lost the knowledge of where the docs are or failed to migrate them to a new system or etc. They're lost to attrition, not to negligence.

> Remove the fence unless someone know why it was put up in the first place, and the rational still hold.

It doesn't, because it's trading known risks for unknown and unbounded risks. That's usually a bad trade, especially when the known costs tend to be small. Nobody wins a promotion for causing a million dollar outage while trying to get rid of a $50/month maintenance cost.


Ok, these are all good points, thank you for sharing it. Just as the ones by WJW.

More broadly my underlying point was more as "don’t blindly follow the herd obedience".

If there is a small black box in multi-million generator stream process, no one of course want to be the guy unplugging it just to see what happens.

On the other hand, if really no-one knows the real impact of such a black box, given the resources at play, risk management should induce an audit and possibly a replacement management. To my mind that sounds very different from "no one know why this thing is there, those who dare to ask will be chastised with a burden of proof to carry alone".


Why are you putting the onus on someone else to provide clues that you understand?

You still don't escape the requirement to understand the problem before fixing the problem. Even if the explanation for the current solution is lacking, you still need to understand enough to articulate why it's lacking.


Statistically, I think it'll always be more kids doing this, regardless of day of the week or year of millennia.


Part of the process of erecting your own identity, both individually and as a generation, involves flatly refusing and denying the practices of your immediate predecessors (eg: your parents' and their generation of men, source code written by programmers before your time, etc.).

It's stupid and almost always leads to unintended (and usually negative) consequences, but it's probably something strongly ingrained in our instincts because it rears its ugly head every time there's a generational turnover.


If you do not understand why this happens, do not call it stupid. Go away and think. Then, when you can come back and tell me that you do see the use of it, I may allow you to call it stupid.


It's stupid in the sense that it's a waste of time and resources.

Sooner or later after you've had your fun refusing and denying your predecessors, you realize why they do things the way they do, become wiser, and go back and undo and redo all the fuckery you caused with your refusing and denying.

It would be nice if we could get that realization without first having to fuck everything up, y'know?


Even in this description you use the words "you realize" and "become wiser" and then describe it as "a waste". It's not a waste, it's just the cost of education.

As the saying goes: "good decisions come from experience, and experience comes from bad decisions". It would be great if we could all come out of the womb with enough education and experience to function as responsible adults in modern society, but we don't. Society (rightfully) allows people some leeway in doing dumb shit so that they can learn firsthand why it's dumb.


The experience is absolutely not a waste, don't get me wrong. What I'm calling a waste are the time and resources spent undoing and redoing everything.

It's all cute if this just happens during our childhood years, where most actions hold no real consequence. It's when this extends into the real world with very real consequences that it gets really wasteful.


Well we do this for many situations where it does actually matter. Drivers license requirements force people to "do it right" the first time, you can't (legally) fuck around driving a car on public roads until you eventually figure it out. Airline pilots and nuclear power plant operators have even stricter requirements.

Licensing and training has a very real cost as well of course, and for many topics the cost of forcing everyone to get a license would outstrip the benefits. So you either have to spend on training, or you have to spend to fix the mistakes of untrained people, or a mix of both. There is no way to bring the waste to zero.


You forget one thing ... You also discover the 20% of manure that isn't true, or doesn't apply to you.


I'll be glad to pillage your stagnant empire meanwhile :)


Surely if you don't understand why it's stupid, you need to go away and think about why it's stupid, once you do see why it's stupid, I may allow you to challenge people calling it stupid.


Can we actually improve the POSIX shell?

Can we reform it, perhaps into a "D-shell," that is an LR-parsed language?

AWK had a yacc grammar for many years. Why can't this be the language of the shell, at least for the sake of maintainability and comprehension?

https://archive.fosdem.org/2018/schedule/event/code_parsing_...


The problem with making a shell more like a "real" interpreter REPL is the purpose of a shell: Running arbitrary programs not known to the author of the shell, such that any unknown word in a shell script is probably the name of a program as opposed to a misspelled reserved word or variable name. Those programs having arbitrary command-line arguments and having to operate on files with arbitrary names is another complexity.


It's interesting to see how so many things grow into each other. A shell is what you say, but there are many efforts to change that. Bash has its magic autocomplete which knows about options of many, many programs. Powershell has an object-model with knowledge of many of its commands.


It has been done. See xonsh a python shell which manages the distinction you mention.

Also see scsh and rash for scheme

Fish for non posix but sane syntax


> Can we actually improve the POSIX shell?

PowerShell?


No, that won't work.

  $ ll /bin/dash
  -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 85368 Jan  5 09:52 /bin/dash
If you can make Powershell in a binary that size, then you have a valid point.


But why? Storage is much cheaper today than it was in the 80s. While I myself don’t like huge Electron apps, trying to save every byte of storage is simply not worth it.


Embedded applications on smaller systems are why.

The POSIX shell is common, from the largest supercomputer down to the smallest ARM.

I don't think that there will be any new developments covering that full scope.


Many embedded systems hardly have any shell, and even when they do, it isn't bash (which isn't POSIX anyway), rather a tiny subset with the basic tooling for maintenance.


Embedded systems don't exclude PowerShell from being a replacement for POSIX shells. Maybe embedded systems should not strive to be POSIX.


I think it depends on your experience and what you have gone through, in my case how many of the decisions I've made that looked excellent to me back then, turned out to be okish at most.


Great article.

Discussed 13 months ago:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30070757 (142 comments)


Some variation on this has been consistently brought up for going on a decade now. At this point it's a HN meme.

Its opposite is "cargo culting".




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