Yes, but it but humans have been afraid that machines would replace them since long before Frank Herbert wrote about it. For example: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luddite

Luddites weren't afraid that they would be replaced by machines, they were skilled weavers who had already been replaced by programmable looms. Both their status/role in society and their income were significantly decreased as the available jobs switched from artisanal weaving to operating industrial looms in a factory.