Your experience in Belgium is similar to what people describe when living in Germany. Apparently, the fines for telcos are insane when spam calls occur. So there is a strong incentive to prevent. Is it similar in Belgium?
I don't know what the exact mechanism is in Germany, but it works. The only unwanted calls I get maybe once every couple months is random British headhunters who probably got my work number from an email signature or another professional contact some way or another. Otherwise, spam calls just aren't a thing here.
Yeah, but the problems isn't anymore local businesses spamming you. It's foreign people calling, most often with a spoofed local number that the telcos somehow "can't" figure out is not really calling from a different country when the sim was active just a minute ago locally.