None of these solutions are robust wrt highly dynamic web sites or - worse - in-depth changes to the HTML implemented over time server-side.
What all of these tools actually need is to be bundled with some AI-powered recognition tools - computer vision, semantic understanding, etc ... - that can sort of "understand" the web page served before interacting with it.
All people do right now is a combo of XPATH-based search for an element in the DOM, or if that fails some sort of regex based pattern matching on the HTML.
These are weak and brittle techniques that are pretty much guaranteed to fail at some point.
I've changed from WordPress to Vue to React but can still use my login e2e test as I depend on a DOM element ID. Eg: #username_field, #password_field, #submit_btn.
What all of these tools actually need is to be bundled with some AI-powered recognition tools - computer vision, semantic understanding, etc ... - that can sort of "understand" the web page served before interacting with it.
All people do right now is a combo of XPATH-based search for an element in the DOM, or if that fails some sort of regex based pattern matching on the HTML.
These are weak and brittle techniques that are pretty much guaranteed to fail at some point.