Assuming they have musical instruments and don't have far more digits (fingers or other dextrous appendages) than us, they probably would, and even if they did have more digits, it'd seem like a fairly obvious choice for a species with our anatomy. Especially for equal temperament, but also for just intonation, a 12-tone scale provides exceptionally good approximations or numerous instances of the simplest possible frequency ratios, so any creature that has to limit the number of tones on their instruments for practical considerations will have a high likelihood of stumbling on a 12-tone scale even before developing an understanding of why it actually works so well and/or find it a very compelling option given a more in-depth analysis.
Assuming they have musical instruments and don't have far more digits (fingers or other dextrous appendages) than us, they probably would, and even if they did have more digits, it'd seem like a fairly obvious choice for a species with our anatomy. Especially for equal temperament, but also for just intonation, a 12-tone scale provides exceptionally good approximations or numerous instances of the simplest possible frequency ratios, so any creature that has to limit the number of tones on their instruments for practical considerations will have a high likelihood of stumbling on a 12-tone scale even before developing an understanding of why it actually works so well and/or find it a very compelling option given a more in-depth analysis.