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>If the man is randomly chosen from the set of all families the answer is 1/2.

By assumption, the man has a son born on Tuesday, so this is hardly relevant.

If A is a subset of B, then choosing x uniformly at random from A given that x is in B is the same as choosing uniformly at random from B.




I agree but set B is not a uniformly chosen subset of A in this case. That is the core of the trick. The rule for choosing B is intuitively uniform but actually slightly favours families with a girl and a boy over those with two boys.




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