I do support more moderation and controls over chat, because god knows when I played Minecraft as a kid I saw so many conversations that weren't exactly appropriate. Kids on servers that aren't specifically kid-friendly worry me a lot, knowing how my friends and I banter and shit-talk. This is super heavy-handed and centralized moderation though, the consequences for mistakes or errors are huge. As far as I know, getting banned also prevents you from even playing singleplayer on Xbox and there's no appeal process. I understand and support the new chat blocking settings, and maybe even something like an official ban list that applies to Realms and servers that decide to use it, but being able to permanently ban someone from an entire game is too much power.
I also have the same question. In my limited experience as the father of an eleven year old, it has continued to be much more productive to redirect profane or vulgar expressions of frustration away from people and towards problems ("Swear at problems, not people.") than to bubble-wrap their vocabulary.
Very genuinely, if your 11 years old need to redirect swearing to things and is unable to cut it in social situations, then he needs quite a lot of help with impulse control.
Because most of them, overwhelming majority actually, are easily able to not swear. They do swear when among peers only, but cutting it off when needed is really not an issue for them.
Everyone's different and harm/severity here is gonna be a wide range, but there's a lot of stuff I saw online as a kid that, as an adult, I really wish I hadn't.