> how do you fairly determine who gets to live there and who doesn't?

Well, we live in a democracy here, and so we vote.

Our government announced their intention to ban residential investments in Porto, Lisboa, and the Algarve for the golden visa, and adjustments to the taxes for long-term v. short-term letting that went into effect this year.

It will take time to see if it is actually fair or not, but the cool thing about democracy is we can always vote again in the future!